欧亚北方森林MODIS 14数据的林火变化分析——以俄罗斯欧洲地区为例

人为或自然因素造成的森林火灾常导致森林覆盖和结构的变化,对森林碳循环产生重大影响。MODIS热异常-火灾产品(MOD14)包含地表火灾位置、可信度、火点辐射能量及其他属性信息,可用于火灾频率、等级及其变化的监测。本研究以俄罗斯欧洲地区的北方森林为研究对象,采用2005-2010年每日MODIS14数据和GIS空间分析方法,对研究区过火像元进行判别提取,分析该地区林火时空变化规律,并探讨驱动因素。结果显示,俄罗斯欧洲地区森林火灾主要分布在中南部。近年来,火灾数量呈上升趋势,2010年的火灾覆盖范围是2005年的1.5倍;年内火灾发生情况随时间波动,火险期为每年的4-10月;极端干旱天气造成的的特大型火灾事件在本研究结果中得以反映。

Change Analysis of Boreal Forest Fire Using MODIS Thermal Anomalies Product for European Russia

Eurasian boreal forest possesses rich forest resources and accounts for 25% of global forest cover. Changes in forest cover and structure caused by human-induced or natural forest disturbances, such as forest fires,have significant impact on the forest carbon cycle. The considerable progress on earth observation technology makes it entirely possible to provide dynamic monitoring of forest resources. This paper discusses the spatial and temporal changes of forest fire disturbance in European Russia. MODIS Thermal Anomalies/Fire product contains information such as fire location, credibility, fire point radiation energy and other attribute information, which can be used for the monitoring of fire frequency, level, and changes. In this study we use MODIS Thermal Anomalies/Fire daily product from 2005 to 2010, combined with RS image processing and GIS spatial analysis methods, to identify burned pixels in European Russia. Spatial and temporal distribution of forest fire has been analyzed. At last we estimate the amount of loss caused by forest fires. The result shows that forest fires are mainly distributed in central and southern regions of European Russia and the fire number is showing an upward trend, fire coverage of 2010 is 1.5 times greater than that of 2005. The fire data reveals apparent changes within a year, and the fire season is generally from April to October. Large fire events occurred in 2010 can be well reflected in the results of this study.