城市空间形态与特征的定量分析——以重庆市主城区为例

本文梳理了城市空间形态研究的理论与方法,系统分析了城市空间形态研究的趋势。鉴此,构建了城市形态定量化研究的测度指标体系,并以RS和GIS技术制定了城市形态定量化分析方法框架,对重庆市主城区空间形态进行了系统的定量分析。在城市用地扩展的时空特征上采用了面积增长量、城市用地扩展速度、扩展强度,及各方位用地扩展强度等指标;在城市外部空间形态特征方面采用了紧凑度、分形维数和形状指数等指标。结果表明:主城区空间形态演变受其重大事件影响较大,呈"突变"和"整合"相结合的演化过程;重庆市主城区空间扩展呈现明显的阶段性,以集约式和内涵式扩展为主;由于受主城区扩展的各向异性影响,主城区扩展以北向和西向扩展为主。本研究为城市空间形态的定量分析提供了参考。

Quantitative Research of Urban Spatial Morphology: A Case Study of the Main Urban Zone of Chongqing

In this paper we systematically analyzed the theories and methods of urban spatial morphology and proposed the trend of it. Then we built the index system and developed the technical framework of urban spatial morphology based on GIS and RS. Last we studied the spatial morphology of the main urban zone of Chongqing based on the index system and technical framework. In the aspect of urban land expansion, we selected area increase, urban land expansion speed and urban land expansion intensity in each direction. In the aspect of morphological characteristics of urban external space, we selected compactness, fractal dimension and shape index. The results show that the spatial morphology of Chongqing was affected by important events such as Chongqing municipality directly under the central government. The Chongqing urban expansion focuses on the direction of north and northwest. The innovation points of this research are in the following: firstly, based on the understanding of urban spatial scale and the dependence of evolution characteristics of urban spatial morphology, analysis framework of the evolution of urban spatial morphology is constructed from the perspective of the scale; secondly, based on GIS platform that integrated spatial analysis techniques and methods of morphological evolution, such as compactness, fractal dimension and shape index are employed to analyze the evolution of urban spatial morphology. The research results provide a reference for the quantitative research of urban spatial morphology in other cities. We interpreted the urban spatial morphology and land extension intensity index in different directions with quantitative method and data. This is the major characteristics of this paper.