地震烈度应急遥感评估研究与应用进展

地震烈度是地震引起的地面震动及其影响强弱程度的度量。地震烈度在地震区划、建筑物与生命线工程抗震设计、灾害防御等方面具有广泛的应用。震后评定的地震烈度图是地震应急救援、恢复重建等的主要依据之一,因此,震后快速确定地震烈度具有重要救灾与减灾意义。本文在论述地震应急及其对遥感应用需求的基础上,回顾了遥感技术及其在地震应急研究与应用中的发展历程,概述了中国地震应急遥感应用的基本思路、地震灾害和地震烈度遥感定量评估方法,展示了该方法在巴楚-伽师地震、汶川地震、玉树地震、芦山地震、鲁甸地震等震后实际应急应用效果。最后,指出了目前震害遥感定量评估中存在的问题,并展望了未来震害遥感定量评估研究与应用。

Advance on the RS-based Emergency Seismic Intensity Assessment

The seismic intensity is used to describe the intensity of an earthquake by measuring its impacts on the earth surface, humans, natural objects, and man-made structures on a scale from I (not felt) to XII (total destruction). Seismic intensity has been widely applied in many aspects, such as seismic zoning, seismic design of building and earthquake disaster prevention. The post-earthquake estimated seismic intensity map is one of the main foundations for earthquake relief, recovery and reconstruction. Therefore, the rapid determination of seismic intensity has important significance for disaster relief and reduction. In this paper, based on the discussion of earthquake emergency and its requirements for remote sensing application, the remote sensing technology and its development process in earthquake emergency research and the relevant application are reviewed. The basic train of thought for the post-earthquake emergency application of remote sensing, especially the quantitative assessment methods of seismic damage and seismic intensity in China are summarized. The practical post-event emergency application effects are described for cases of Bachu-Jiashi earthquake, Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake, Lushan earthquake, Ludian earthquake etc. These cases show that the remote sensing based emergency seismic intensity assessment technology has realized its practical application. In the end, we summarized the existing problems in the quantitative assessment of earthquake disaster based on remote sensing, and prospected the research and application of methods and techniques in the future.