Formation of electron beams by the interaction of a whistler wave packet with radiation belt electrons |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia;2. The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan;1. Department of Geriatrics and Special Services Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China;2. Department of Health Management, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China;1. Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;2. NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant?Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy;1. Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran;2. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;3. Soil and Water Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran;4. Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to discuss the properties of electron beams formed by cyclotron interactions between radiation belt electrons and a quasi-monochromatic whistler wave packet from a ground-based VLF transmitter. The beams are formed due to trapping of the electrons at the forward edge of the wave packet, their acceleration inside the wave packet, the escape of the accelerated electrons from the moving backward edge of the wave packet, and their following free motion in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. A combination of these processes provides the main features of the spatial-temporal evolution of the beams which are investigated both analytically and numerically. It is shown that one or two beams can appear at one point at the same time, and that the density of the beams increases during their expansion. Motion of the pumping wave packet in the inhomogeneous magnetic field provides the variations of the initial velocity and position of the beam injection which change the spatial and temporal gradients of the parallel velocity of the beam, in contrast with the case of the pure adiabatic motion of an individual electron. Such a behaviour can be significant for the generation of secondary emissions. Numerical calculations demonstrate a wide variety of the spatio–temporal patterns of the beam parallel velocity depending on the plasma and wave packet parameters. It is shown that the most significant parameters which determine the beam characteristics are the wave packet length about the equator, its group velocity, and the initial energy and pitch angle of the electrons. |
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