Upper-atmospheric effects of magnetic storms: a brief tutorial |
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| Affiliation: | 1. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA;2. Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA;3. Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Granada, Spain;4. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA;5. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;6. Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA;7. Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA |
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| Abstract: | The physical processes underlying several phenomena of upper-atmospheric storms are described: magnetospherically driven ion convection and Joule heating and their impact on the high-latitude thermosphere and ionosphere; global changes in thermospheric circulation and composition; traveling atmospheric disturbances; and effects of electric-field penetration to middle and low latitudes. Examples from the 1997 January 10–11 storm are used to illustrate some of these features. It is pointed out that not only the magnitude, but also the sign of many storm-time changes at any given location depend sensitively on the temporal and spatial variations of auroral particle precipitation and high-latitude electric fields. In order for simulation models to be able to predict upper-atmospheric storm effects accurately, improved determination of the high-latitude inputs will be required. |
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