塔里木沙漠公路防护林滴灌水分利用效率分析

塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程全长436 km,是沙漠公路沿线一条重要的绿色长廊,沙漠公路防护林带以滴灌为主,灌溉水源就地开采沙漠公路沿线的地下咸水(3.26～26.65 g·L-1),建有110眼灌溉机井,设计滴头流量为3.6 L·h-1,每次灌水时间6 h。针对沙漠公路防护林滴灌的灌水效率,开展了滴灌与根灌的对比灌溉试验,试验结果表明,滴灌水量转化成有效土壤水分的利用率不到50%,滴灌存在地表土壤水分蒸发损失、灌溉水有效利用率低等问题,为沙漠公路防护林提高灌水效率、提高灌溉水的有效利用率,提供科学依据。

Water Use Efficiency of Shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway under Drip Irrigation

The ecological shelterbelt engineering along the Tarim Desert Highway with length of 436 km is an important "green corridor" in the Taklimakan desert.The irrigation for desert highway shelterbelt depends on underground salty water mined in situ along the desert highway.There are 110 irrigation motor-pumped wells,and the designed irrigation flux is 3.6 L\5h-1 and the irrigation duration is 6 h.A comparative experiment of drip irrigation and root-zone irrigation were conducted in the study to assess the water use efficiency of drip irrigation of the desert highway shelterbelt.Results illustrated that the water use efficiency of drip irrigation was less than 50%,and there were several problems such as evaporation loss of water by surface soil layer,low water use efficiency,etc,in the application of drip irrigation along the Tarim Desert Highway.The research provides information on the improvement of irrigation water use efficiency in desert highway shelterbelt.