乡村生产空间系统要素构成及运行机制研究

乡村生产空间系统是一个客观存在的、典型的人地关系地域系统,具有耗散结构特征。论文以系统论为指导,遵循系统科学的基本思维方法,从学理上对乡村生产空间系统的内涵及要素构成进行辨析,并围绕农村生产关系变革划分了乡村生产空间系统的演进历程,在此基础上对乡村生产空间系统的运行机制进行阐释。研究发现,乡村生产空间系统主要由基础要素(资源环境和基础设施)、核心要素(多元经营主体和乡村文化)、驱动要素(资本、技术、信息和市场)和管理要素(制度和政策)4种要素构成;依据乡村生产关系变革、经济体制变迁、城乡关系转变等规律,将新中国成立后乡村生产空间系统的演进历程划分为土地改革运动时期、农业互助合作运动时期、人民公社化运动时期和家庭联产承包责任制时期4个时期,不同时期乡村生产空间系统的要素构成、要素间的联系方式不同,乡村生产空间系统特征表现各异;乡村生产空间系统通过支撑与约束机制、竞争与合作机制以及调控与反馈机制推动自身运行发展。从要素功能、结构关系、协同等视角去审视乡村生产空间系统的运行状态、诊断系统运行的动力机制或障碍因素等,将成为未来乡村生产空间系统研究的重点。

Elements and operation mechanisms of rural production spatial system

Rural production spatial system is a typical human-earth system, which has the characteristics of dissipative structure. Guided by the system theory and following the basic methods of system science, this study theoretically analyzed the connotation and elements of rural production spatial system, and divided the evolution process of rural production spatial system around the transformation of rural production relations. On this basis, it clarified the operation mechanisms of rural production spatial system. The study found that rural production spatial system is mainly composed of four sets of elements: basic elements (resources, environment, and infrastructure), core elements (multiple stakeholders and rural culture), driving elements (capital, technology, information, and market) and management elements (institutions and policies). According to the patterns of rural production relation change, economic system change, and urban-rural relationship change, the evolution process of rural production spatial system after the founding of the People's Republic of China was divided into four periods: land reform movement, agricultural mutual assistance and cooperation movement, people's commune movement, and household responsibility system. In different periods, the elements of rural production spatial system and their interrelated ways varied, and the characteristics of rural production spatial system are different. Rural production spatial system promotes its operation and development through supporting and restraining mechanisms, competition and cooperation mechanisms, and regulatory and feedback mechanisms. Future research will focus on examining the operation status of rural production spatial system, and diagnosing the dynamic mechanisms or obstacles of the system operation from the perspective of factor function, structural relationship, and coordination.