全球化下的“生产消费者”——分布式生产系统研究评述

经济全球化背景下,日益精细的劳动分工和跨地域生产协作带来生产片段化和地方专业化集聚。这种生产模式加剧了生产与消费的割裂,并将消费主义作为驱动生产不断扩大的途径。近年来,基于智能电网、可再生能源、3D打印等新兴技术的应用,生产与消费活动紧密联系的分布式生产模式受到可持续发展领域的关注,其中分布式可再生能源的利用和推广成为最主要的驱动力。论文以“生产消费者(Prosumer)”这一概念为切入点,从地理条件、技术基础、市场协作关系和可持续性表现4个方面,探讨分布式生产系统中生产与消费关系的重构。结论指出：以分布式生产为特征的“产消一体”生产模式并非是一种全球化脱钩策略,而是在开放条件下,生产与消费更紧密联系的地方化过程,这种生产模式转型有可能为更多样化的可持续发展实践开辟空间,值得进一步开展以行动为导向的扎根研究和区域比较分析。

Prosumer in globalization: A systematic review on the sustainability of distributed production system

With globalization, increasing specialization and spatial division of labor created longer distance between production and consumption. Consumerism became the driving force for the growth of production, and hindered the sustainability transition of local production system. Recent technological advances in 3D printing, intelligent micro grid, renewable energy, and so on have been expected to improve the possibility for a more distributed organization of production, which involves dispersed individual decision makers who are both producers and consumers in the production system. A systematic literature review was conducted on recent research on the sustainability of the distributed production system. With a focus on the relation between consumption and production, selected articles addressing the role of prosumers in the distributed production system from three leading academic journals on this topic were studied. Four interrelated dimensions were identified, including geographical implications, technology transition, market/collaboration mechanism, and sustainability. In conclusion, the sustainability performance of the distributed production system will be highly dependent on the interactions between the other three dimensions. Especially, a more close relation between consumption and production at the local level in the distributed production system can hardly be isolated from the global system. We call for more empirical studies on the restructuring of global-local relations within such sustainability transition.