中国旅游城市生态安全系统评估与类型划分研究——基于节点权重约束网络DEA模型

采用DPSIR概念模型作为旅游生态安全系统的基本形态,引入网络DEA模型测度系统运行效率,从投入-产出的研究视角探究旅游生态安全系统内部作用机理。采用结构方程模型对网络DEA模型的结构及权重加以限制,构建具有节点权重约束的网络DEA评价模型,对主要旅游城市生态安全系统实例进行实证研究。研究结果认为:将生态安全系统分为自然运行阶段、管理反馈阶段2阶段进行效率评价,加权综合得出各旅游城市生态安全系统的综合评价值,以此为依据将样本城市划分为按系统效率的评价结果将其分划为绿色发展型、稳步发展型、高效发展型、双向提升型和管理能力缺失型,针对各类型旅游城生态安全系统特点提出改善其生态安全系统状况的建议。

Evaluation and Type Classification on Chinese Tourist Urban Ecological Security System: Based on the Network DEA Model with Node Weight

This research takes the DPSIR concept model as the basic form of tourism ecological security system aimed to explore the internal mechanism of tourism ecological security system, and analyzes the social feedback management ability of tourism ecological safety system. Based on the theoretical framework of the DPSIR conceptual model and the characteristics of the tourist cities, it defines the 5 elements of tourist city ecological security system (driving force, pressure, state, impact and response) and analyzes 7 relationships among those five elements. And then, it analyzes the characteristics of 4 subsystems of tourist urban ecological security system (economy, society, natural environment and tourist industry), extracts the specific indexes of the five elements, and constructs the corresponding evaluation index system. And it decomposes tourism ecological security system into 2 step stages, named as natural operation stage, management feedback stage and employs the network DEA model to explore the efficiency of different stages and the integrated situation of the whole system from the perspective of ‘input-output’. To enhance the applicability of the network DEA model, this article employs the structural equation model to identify the frameworks of tourist ecological security system, limit the structures and nodes weight of the assessment model and build the network DEA model with nodes weight. The article is the measure and evaluation of ecological security system of Chinese main tourist cities. This article selects 30 tourist cities (excluded those in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and Tibet) as the study objects, and adopts the above proposed system evaluation model of tourist urban ecological security, combined with the empirical data of 30 cities to evaluate their tourist urban ecological security systems. According to the result of the quantitative relationship among systemic elements, the negative effect of ‘R’ to ‘P’ is failed to be supported, which indicates response measures of those tourist cities have still been lack of efficacy to alleviate the dissipation of pollutants and the impact to environment. The positive effects of ‘R-D’ and ‘R-S’ reflect that response measures could maintain the state of ecological security system and improve the economic and social development. According to research result of compressive evaluation of tourist urban ecological security system, this article evaluates the efficiency values of ‘natural operation stage’ and ‘management feedback stage’, and makes the integration of two efficiency values to get the comprehensive evaluation values of various tourist urban ecological security systems. Based on the comprehensive evaluation values and the two stages' evaluation values, those 30 major tourist cities are divided into five kinds of basic categories, which are ‘green development type’,‘steady development type’, ‘high efficient development type’, ‘two-way promotion type’ and ‘management ability lack type’. And then, it identifies the characteristics of these 5 types and puts forward to the targeted strategy suggestions of improving various types of tourist urban ecological security systems.