淄博市区大气颗粒物重金属元素分布特征及其来源分析

为科学认识淄博市区大气颗粒物污染状况，探讨颗粒物的污染水平和元素在颗粒物中的分布与分配特征，对颗粒物中元素的来源进行分析。于2015年冬季和夏季期间分别布设45个和16个采样点采集悬浮颗粒物（TSP）、PM₁₀及PM_2.5样品，分析了颗粒物和18种元素（或化合物）的质量浓度。结果表明：1）大气颗粒物中冬季TSP、PM₁₀及PM_2.5的质量浓度均值高于夏季；PM₁₀和PM_2.5质量浓度均超过国家标准，其中冬季PM_2.5质量浓度是标准限值的1.96倍。2）不同粒径的颗粒物中元素质量分数差别显著，As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn等多数重金属元素主要富集在PM_2.5中，且PM_2.5约占PM₁₀的65%（冬季）和73%（夏季）。3）颗粒物PM_2.5中Al₂O₃、CaO、Fe₂O₃、K₂O、MgO等氧化物主要受土壤扬尘控制；As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Se、Zn等元素主要源于人为污染；Se的富集因子最高，反映了PM_2.5污染主要来源于燃煤；Co、Cu、Ni、Na₂O受土壤扬尘和人类活动的共同作用，而Cr具有混合污染的特点。

Distribution Characteristics and Sources of Heavy Metals in Urban Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Zibo City

In order to recognize the pollution status of atmospheric particulate matter in Zibo City, TSP, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 samples were collected at 45 and 16 sampling points during winter and summer in 2015 respectively, to analyze the mass concentration of particulate matter and 18 elements or compounds. The pollution level of the particulate matter and the distribution of the elements in the particulate matter were studied, and the sources of the elements were preliminarily investigated. The results showed that:1) the mean mass concentration of TSP, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in winter was higher than in summer, and exceeded the level of national standard, of which the content of PM_2.5 in winter was 1.96 times of the limit, indicating the serious air pollution; 2) the elements contents varied significantly in different particles, and most of the heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, etc. were mainly enriched in PM_2.5, and PM_2.5 accounted for about 65% of PM₁₀ in winter and 73% in summer, the main threat to human health; 3) the correlation and factor analysis results indicate that Al₂O₃、CaO、Fe₂O₃、K₂O、MgO and other oxides in PM_2.5 were mainly affected by soil dust; however, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn and other elements were mainly caused by man-made pollutions; the highest Se enrichment factor suggested its burning coal source; Co, Cu, Ni, and Na₂O were affected by both soil dust and human activities, and Cr was from mixed pollutants.