Abstract: | The application of Newtonian physics to complex fluvial and atmospheric processes is suggested to be inadequate. In the 1970s a number of exciting cosmological theories were developed which formed the basis for models of the early expansion of the Universe. Since these models derive from Einstein's ten gravitational field equations (rather than Newton's single equation) they possess a deep subtlety and may well be of interest to geographers in the explanation of fundamental patterns. |