天山及周边地区空中水资源的稳定性及可开发性研究

利用天山及周边地区大气含水量序列的方差值和降水转化率，分析了天山地区空中水资源的稳定性和可开发性，结果表明：天山山区大气含水量的稳定性与大气含水量多少有密切关系，大气含水量低的地区，水资源稳定，而大气含水量高的地区，水资源不稳定。夏季是四季中方差最大的季节，稳定性较差；冬季是大气含水量方差最低的季节，特别是山区大气含水量稳定，秋季略高于春季。天山东部和西部地区的大气含水量方差明显要小，而中部地区较大，这主要是由控制风带的强弱及水汽输送决定的。大气含水量的稳定性和海拔成反相关关系，这主要与水汽凝结的高度有关。地形高度变化和降水转化率密切相关，随海拔高度上升，降水转化率增大，降水转化率在2000m左右形成一个高值，天山山区年降水转化率最大，伊犁河谷冬季降水转化率最大。

Research of Stability and Exploitability of Water Vapor Resource in Tianshan Mountains

Based on the field monitor data, the meteorological elements response and sand transport in the process of sand-dust storms at the Guaizi Lake area in April 2011 were analyzed. The following conclusions showed that hot and dry atmosphere, high surface temperature and low humidity, pressure drop and wind speed increase were the precursor to the coming of sand-dust storm. During the period of sandstorm, the pressure, the vapor pressure and relative humidity decrease apparently, with slow decline rate of ground temperature and slight increase of soil moisture. Sand transport mainly concentrated within the height of 50cm from the ground, in the 0-20cm layer sand transport tended to increase, and decreased with increasing height above 20cm. Spatial distribution of sand transport frequency of saltating sand particles was similar to the wind direction. Direction distribution of creeping sand transport was more complex, significantly different from wind direction. The results were instructive to forecasts of sand-dust storms and resistance to wind-sands.