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洞庭湖环境系统变化对水文情势的响应
引用本文:李景保,秦建新,王克林,梁成军,袁华斌. 洞庭湖环境系统变化对水文情势的响应[J]. 地理学报, 2004, 59(2): 239-248. DOI: 10.11821/xb200402010
作者姓名:李景保  秦建新  王克林  梁成军  袁华斌
作者单位:1. 湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,长沙 410081; 2. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙 410125;3. 湖南城市学院,益阳 413000
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-SW-415)~~
摘    要:为全面揭示洞庭湖近数十年的水情异常与成因,将湖区视作一个大系统来研究。经水位~流量关系等多种方法研究表明:(1)入湖四水尾闾同水位流量减少1 200~2 800 m3/s,同流量水位抬高0.49~1.28 m;(2) 荆江三口分水比减少19.2%,分沙比减少25.1%;(3) 澧水、松滋、南洞庭湖等主洪道的水位流量关系均发生了较大变化;(4) 天然调蓄能力下降40%,湖口同流量水位抬高1.80~2.50 m;(5) 7~8月湖垸关系常处于危急状态。其主要原因是泥沙淤积恶性循环,导致了湖泊环境系统功能的变化,而由下荆江3处裁弯所引起的江湖水沙调整则加速了其变化过程。这些变化过程对水情的复合响应是:入湖水沙呈逐渐减少趋势变化,洪水位普遍抬高1.50~1.80 m,湖口有时出现江水倒流,洪水涨率增大,高洪水位持续时间长等异常水文现象,且给湖区造成了巨大的洪水压力。

关 键 词:洞庭湖;水位流量;泥沙淤积;水文响应  
收稿时间:2003-08-28
修稿时间:2003-08-28

The Response of Environment System Changes of Dongting Lake to Hydrological Situation
LI Jingbao,QIN Jianxin,WANG Kelin,LIANG Chengjun,YUAN Huabin. The Response of Environment System Changes of Dongting Lake to Hydrological Situation[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(2): 239-248. DOI: 10.11821/xb200402010
Authors:LI Jingbao  QIN Jianxin  WANG Kelin  LIANG Chengjun  YUAN Huabin
Affiliation:1. College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
2. Institute of Subtropical Agricultural, CAS, Changsha 410125, China;
3. Hunan City College, Yiyang 413000, China
Abstract:To fu1ly reveal the water abnormity and its formative causes in Dongting Lake during recent decades, this paper takes Dongting Lake as a big system. Researches through a variety of methods such as the relation between water-level and runoff show: (1) The runoff on the same water-level reduces 1200 m3/s-2800 m3/s in the lower reaches of the four rivers flowing into the lake, the water-level with the same runoff runs up 0.49 m-1.28 m; (2) The dividing-water ratios of the three bayous of the Jingjiang River reduces by 19.2%, and the dividing-sand ratios 25.1%; (3) Great changes have taken place in the relation between water-level and runoff in the main flooding roads such as Li River, Songzi and southern Dongting Lake etc.; (4) The natural regulation and storage capacity fall off by 40%, the water-level with the same runoff at the bayous drives up 1.80 m-2.50 m; (5) The relation between lake and protective embankment is often at hazard during the period of July and August. The main reason is that the filling-up of mud-sand arises a vicious circle which leads to environmental function changes of the lake system, and the water-sand adjustment from the three curve-cuttings on the lower reaches of Jingjiang River accelerates the change process.
Keywords:Dongting Lake  water-level & runoff  sediment deposition  hydrological response
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