中国不同地区城市化对室内外气温影响的比较研究

以温带城市北京、低纬高原城市昆明和热带城市景洪为研究对象,利用由于城市扩大而受影响的气象站室内外气温资料和未受城市化影响的郊外气象站气温资料,得出3个地区受全球气候变暖影响,年平均气温均升高,增温幅度在(15.6~20.7)×10^-3℃/a间,以温带城市北京增温最显著;受城市化影响,年平均气温变率为(40.5~45.9)×10^-3℃/a间,以昆明最大;年平均室内气温变率在(20.6~133.1)×10^-3℃/a,北京最大。各气温变率在11~4月以温带城市北京最大,5~10月则以低纬高原城市昆明最大,显示了气温较低时气温变率有增大的趋势;由于城市面积扩大导致了受城市化影响气象站的室内外气温均升高,11~4月增温幅度大于5~10月;其中温带的北京朝阳气象站和低纬高原的昆明气象站的室内气温升高幅度大于室外气温,呈现显著的城市效应,而热带的景洪气象站室内平均气温增温幅度小于室外平均气温。

A Comparative Study About Effect of Urbanization on the Indoor and Outdoor Air Temperature on Different Cities of China

Based on different cities such as Beijing (located in temperate zone), Kunming (a city of high plateau and low latitude) and Jinghong (lies in tropical zone), the data root in the urban weather station, which have been affected by urban expansion in and in suburb weather station, which have not been influenced by urbanization. The results indicate that the global climatic warming bring about the average air temperature increased (15.6-20.7)×10^-3℃/a or so in three cities, Beijing is the most marked. Because of urbanization, the average air temperature rise (40.5-45.9)×10^-3℃/a (Kunming exceed other two cities), and indoor air temperature go up (20.6-133.1)×10^-3℃/a (Beijing goes beyond other two cities). The variation of air temperature is the greatest in Beijing during November-April and in Kunming during May-October, which indicates that the variation has a tendency to increase when air temperature is lower. With city area expanding, the outdoor and indoor air temperature rise, furthermore, the range-ability of temperature rising in November-April go beyond that in May-October, and indoor exceed outdoor in Beijing's Chaoyang Weather Station and Kunming Weather Station. These results may provide a reference for studying fundamentals about urbanization effect on urban climate, city planning and architecture design.