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Simulating earthquake evacuation using human behavior models
Authors:Gian Paolo Cimellaro  Fabrizio Ozzello  Alessio Vallero  Stephen Mahin  Benshun Shao
Institution:Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A.
Abstract:In classical earthquake risk assessment, the human behavior is actually not taken into account in risk assessment. Agent‐based modeling is a simulation technique that has been applied recently in several fields, such as emergency evacuation. The paper is proposing a methodology that includes in agent‐based models the human behavior, considering the anxiety effects generated by the crowd and their influence on the evacuation delays. The proposed model is able to take into account the interdependency between the earthquake evacuation process, and the corresponding damage of structural and non‐structural components that is expressed in term of fragility curves. The software REPAST HPC has been used to implement the model, and as a case study, the earthquake evacuation by a mall located in Oakland has been used. The human behavior model has been calibrated through a survey using a miscellaneous sample from different countries. The model can be used to test future scenarios and help local authorities in situations where the human behavior plays a key role. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords:resilience  agent‐based modeling  damage scenarios  panic model  human behavior model  earthquakes  evacuation model
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