乌蒙山区生物资源持续历史的启示与保护发展的方向

乌蒙山区属古热带北缘,是海陆变迁的海岸线,生物演化至今,造就了丰富的生物资源。人类活动以来,历经了自取自用-半农耕-坝区开发-山区开发的历史时期。由于该区是多民族居住区,又处于国家统一、巩固西南边疆、通向边区的交通要道上,较先进的中原农耕方式最先在此试用。明、清两个朝代的移民与经营,全面开始了生物资源的利用。历代各族人民在适应生存的实践中,找到了持续稳定地增长和利用生物资源的方法。这些,既充满了对自然规律的认识和利用,也为进一步发展提供了技术支持。该区在长江和珠江上游的分水岭上,只有以生态建设为基础,施行保护优先于开发的持续生物资源利用,才能发挥持续性和获得最大效益。概述了上述问题,在生物资源可持续经营上,简要提出了需要研究的基础科学问题和培育新产业的几个方向,并探讨了适应今后持续发展的管理问题。

AN ENLIGHTENMENT FROM THE HISTORY OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN WUMENG MOUNTAIN AREA AND THE WAY OF PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT

    Wumeng mountain area had been located at the northern edge of tropic in remote antiquity, and had been the coastline when ocean had changed into land.  With the evolution of living things, abundant biological resources were brought up.  People lived for from collecting and hurting to agriculture, from exploiting plain to taking mountain under cultivation successively.  Because multi-minority people lived there and the main routeway from Central Plains to southwest border area passed through there, advanced agriculture of Central Plains was firstly adapted in the area.  During the period of Ming and Qing dynasties, many Han people migrated there, and the exploitation of biological resources started fully.  In order to suiting the development of society and economy, people who lived in different dynasties found many ways from practice to make use of biological resources in contineous ways.  Those ways were full of the knowledge about natural law and provided technological support for further development.  Because Wumeng mountain area is the upper reaches of Yangtze river and Zhujiang river, we should take ecological construction as basis,and have the priority of the protection of resources over  exploitation.  Only by those ways can sustainability  be fully maintained and can the most benefit be gained.  
    On the basis of a case, which concerns the villager how to manage their natural resources in the last 200 years in Wumeng mountain area, biodiversity protection is the basis of sustainable management was shown, and the function of the government and the local codes about protection and utilization of land , forest and water resources also were explanation. With increasing of population, consumption of resources excessively and development of science and technology rapidly, effective administration rules and regulations are important for ensuring sustainable management.  
    In the sustainable management of biological resources, basic scientific issues and new enterprise direction were proposed briefly and the management of future sustainable development were discussed.