全球生产网络中企业去地方化的形式与机理研究

经济活动的去地方化既是生产活动的空间转移过程,也是企业供应链在不同空间尺度的分离与再组合的功能整合过程,并且对地方产业的前后向联系、社会资本和就业等方面产生影响。在文献综述的基础上,提出在全球生产网络中企业去地方化的动力主要是网络权力的拉力和社会资本的粘性。在两种力的相互作用过程中,产生了不同的网络权力的依赖关系,形成了不同类型的企业去地方化形式。企业去地方化可能会导致地方生产网络断裂,并且由于去地方化形式的不同,对企业经济绩效和地方集聚经济产生的影响也不同。最后,对中国沿海外贸加工业的去地方化情况和发展前景进行了初步思考。

The Form and Mechanism of Firms Delocalization in the Global Production Network

In the context of globalization, the localization and delocalization among economic activities have been alternately affecting the spatial pattern of regional manufacturing industry, and lead to a wide range of social impact on the industrialized regions. The delocalization among economic activities not only is the spatial transference of production activities, it also is the process of functional integration brought by the departure and recombination of firms supply chain in different spatial scales, besides, it affects the forward and backward linkage, social capital and employment of localization industry at the same time. Nowadays, the research on firms delocalization mainly centralized in Europe and America, however, related research in China is too poor to be adapted to realities of China's regional economic and social development. In the last few years, sorts of foreign trade and processing firms in costal area of China have been captured by global traders or brands, and as a result, it produces the phenomenon of delocalization passively which leads to a complicated and profound influence on the evolution and upgrading of a local production network. Therefore, to research into the delocalization of foreign trade and processing firms in costal area of China plays a significant role in theory and reality. On the basis of European and American research reviews, the article thinks that in the context of global production networks, the tension force of network power and the stickiness of social capital are the main impetuses of firms delocalization. The interaction between the two forces above results in two different extents of dependence on the network power, namely in equal and in unequal, then lead to different forms of firms delocalization. Different forms of delocalization make different influences on firm economic performance and local economic agglomeration, and different forms also produce differences between local production networks. Finally, the article reflects on the delocalization of China's costal foreign trade processing industry and preliminary interprets its transformation and upgrading. It presents that in the context that the unequal dependence existing in the global network power can not be changed easily and properly, the firms in China’s costal foreign trade processing industries face the same questions: how they can take the positive and flexible measures to deal with the situation that the firms are used and controlled by the multinational corporations; how firms can finish the effective structure upgrading by using global connections to pass and absorb the knowledge in the global links and so on.