海洋沉积物中的动物多样性及其生态系统功能

海洋沉积物中的动物群是海洋生态系统中的重要组成部分,其多样性对地球生命支持系统至关重要。从海洋沉积物生境、沉积物中的动物类群、个体大小、食性、生态系统功能等方面探讨了海洋沉积物中的动物多样性现状,讨论了沉积物动物多样性在生态系统过程中的重要作用。海洋沉积物环境多种多样,为沉积物动物多样性提供了基础。在海洋沉积物中,动物的类群繁多、物种多样性极高,不仅形态差别很大,食性丰富多样,而且分化出多种多样的功能群。海洋沉积物动物群参与全球物质的循环和污染物的代谢、转化、迁移,在生态系统能流过程及沉积物移动和稳定性方面也起着重要的作用。最后,提出了研究和保护海洋沉积物动物多样性的若干建议。

ANIMAL DIVERSITY OF MARINE SEDIMENT AND ITS ECOSYSTEMIC FUNCTION

Animal group in marine sediment is the important composition of marine ecosystem, and its diversity is the key to earth life supporting system. However, the people knew little about this broad dark habitats and numerous animal group living in it. This paper discussed the current situation of animal diversity in marine sediment in terms of sedimental habitat, taxonomic category, body size, feeding behavious and ecological function, etc. It also discussed the important role acted by the animal diversity of marine sediment in the ecological course of ecosystem.The sediment environment in marine is various which provides the basis for animal diversity.In marine sediment, taxonomic categories of animal are various.There are not only great different on body size and feeding behaviours but also various functional groups.Animal groups in marine sediment take part in material cycle,and the metabolism,transformation and transfer of pollutant.They also acts an important role in energy flow of ecosystem and transfer and stability of sediment.Finally,the measures for research and protection of animal diversity in marine sediment are proposed.