中国金融排斥的省际差异及影响因素

从金融服务的渗透度、使用度、效用度、承受度四个维度构建金融排斥的综合评价指标体系,借鉴人类发展指数的编制方法,分别测算了2004年和2012年中国金融排斥指数;运用分层聚类法将中国省际金融排斥度划分为四个大类和六个亚类,并结合ArcGIS对金融排斥的省际差异变化特征进行分析;探讨了中国金融排斥省际差异的主要影响因素。研究表明：① 可将中国金融排斥程度划分为轻微、轻度、中度和重度四大类型;② 总体特征上,中国金融排斥程度高、地区差异大,形成东部地区明显低于中西部的空间格局;③ 通过两个时间断面比较发现,中国金融排斥程度平均水平略有增加,但总体稳定;④ 金融排斥四维度的省际空间差异大,且对金融排斥总体水平影响程度不一;⑤ 中国金融排斥度省际差异受城市化水平、地区收入水平、人口密度、政府经济行为、教育发展水平等多种因素影响;⑥ 促进区域经济发展、加强政府管制、发展微观金融是降低金融排斥的重要途径。

Study on the provincial differences of financial exclusion and their influencing factors in China

Financial exclusion can be defined as the situation faced by the people who lack access to mainstream financial institutions to meet their necessary needs for financial products. As an important topic in the field of financial geography, it has drawn much attention from scholars at home and abroad because of its extensive practical significance. Since financial exclusion is a complex multi-dimensional concept, in this paper, firstly we constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system of financial exclusion from the four dimensions of penetration, usage, effectiveness and affordability levels of financial services, and have measured the index of Chinese financial exclusion in 2004 and 2012 respectively with reference to the compilation method of Human Development Index. Then after dividing Chinese provincial financial exclusion level into 4 categories and 6 sub-categories with the hierarchical clustering method, we analyzed the characteristics of provincial financial exclusion differences based on ArcGIS. Finally, we explored the main factors influencing provincial financial exclusion differences.As a result, we have reached the following findings. (1) The financial exclusion levels of 31 provinces can be divided into four categories of slight, mild, moderate and severe. (2) Taking into consideration the statistics in the above-mentioned two years, China as a whole had a high level financial exclusion with large regional differences, which was characterized by a spatial distribution pattern that the financial exclusion in eastern China was significantly lower than that in western and central China. (3) By comparing the financial exclusion in two different years, we have found that the financial exclusion level in China increased slightly, but was stable on the whole. (4) The four dimensions of provincial spatial differences were large in their values, and their influences on the financial exclusion were different. (5) The provincial financial exclusion differences in China have been influenced by the factors such as regional economic development level, population density, government economic behavior, education development level. This article argues that the important ways to reducing the financial exclusion are to develop regional economy, to reinforce government control and to develop micro-finance.