In situ Spannungsmessungen und tektonischer Beanspruchungsplan in Südwestdeutschland |
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Authors: | Dipl-Geol Gerhard Greiner |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Geologisches Institut der Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstr. 12, 75 Karlsruhe |
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Abstract: | Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe des Überbohrverfahrens ( Doorstopper -Verfahrens) wurden in situ Spannungsmessungen in Kalksteinen des oberen Jura der mesozoischen Plattform des Gebietes der Schwäbischen Alb (Meßpunkte 1 und 2) sowie im Marmor und Diorit des paläozoischen Grundgebirges des Odenwaldes (Meßpunkt 3) durchgeführt. Meßpunkt 1 lag hierbei innerhalb des Hohenzollerngrabens, Meßpunkt 2 etwa 15 km außerhalb davon und Meßpunkt 3 im Odenwald, etwa 3 km abseits der östlichen Hauptverwerfung des Oberrheingrabens.Die Achse der maximalen Kompression zeigt bei allen Lokalitäten etwa in dieselbe Richtung von 320° (NW-SE). Diese Richtung stimmt gut mit den Richtungen der größten Druckspannungen aus den Herdflächenlösungen flachliegender Erdbeben des Oberrheingebietes überein. Ferner sind die horizontalen Spannungen höher, als es bei der Betrachtung des Gewichtes des überlagernden Gesteins zu erwarten wäre. Dies spricht für das Vorhandensein einer tektonischen Komponente.Die Bruchdeformationen sowie beobachtete Mikrostrukturen des Hohenzollerngebietes wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Aussagekraft bezüglich der Richtung der Hauptspannungen eingehend untersucht.
In situ stress measurements with the doorstopper strain gauge device have been carried out in Upper Jurassic limestones of the Mesozoic platform of the Schwäbische Alb area (site 1 and 2) and in marbles and diorites of the Hercynian basement of the Odenwald region (site 3) in Southwest Germany. Test site 1 was located within the small rift structure of the Hohenzollerngraben, site 2 about 15 km from it and test site 3 about 3 km from the eastern master fault of the Rhinegraben.The most interesting result is that the axis of maximum compression strikes nearly in the same direction of about 320° (NW-SE) at all the test sites.These results confirm the directions of the maximum compression calculated from fault plane solutions of shallow earthquakes of this region. Furthermore the horizontal stresses are higher than the vertical ones. This means the presence of a tectonic component.Fault pattern and observed microstructures of the Hohenzollern area are analysed with regard to possible conclusions concerning the directions of principal stresses.
Résumé A l'aide du procédé «Doorstopper», les états de contrainte in situ ont été mesurés dans trois localités différentes du Sud de l'Allemagne, dans les calcaires du Jurassique supérieur de la plate-forme mésozoique (points 1 et 2) du «Schwäbische Alb», et dans le marbre et la diorite (point 3) du socle paléozoïque de l'Odenwald.L'axe de la compression maximale dans toutes les localités montre la même direction de 320° (NW-SE); cette direction concorde bien avec les directions des compressions maximales calculées à partir des séismes plats du Rhin supérieur. En outre les contraintes horizontales sont supérieures à celles qu'on attendrait en considérant le poids des roches surincombantes, ce qui parle en faveur de la présence d'une composante tectonique. Le système de diaclases ainsi que les microstructures observées dans la région de Hohenzollern sont étudiées dans le détail dans le but de rechercher leur témoignage concernant la direction des contraintes principales.
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