试论金矿的特殊性及其在金矿地质研究和找矿工作中的意义

从金的地球化学性质、矿床类型、时空分布、富集规律、成矿作用、金矿勘探开发等5个方面列举了金矿床不同于其他金属矿床的特殊性,认为应建立针对金矿自身特点的成矿理论以及研究和找矿方法;指出了目前在金矿研究、勘探等方面存在的4个缺陷;提出了今后工作中亟待解决的4个问题.

ON THE PECULIARITIES OF GOLD DEPOSITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN GEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES AND EXPLORATIONS

In the past, the peculiarities of gold deposits were not paid more attention and quite a lot of problems appear in the geological researches and explorations, which caused to some wrong conclusions on gold deposits. The paper discusses the peculiarities of gold deposits and their importance to the researches and explorations of the deposits. 1.The peculiarities of gold deposits a.Geochemical peculiarities of gold:\ Gold occurs in nature in the way of native gold or alloy. Although it has a very low Clarke value,gold can form superlarge deposits, with both sulphophile and chalcophile affinities. b.Metallogenic types of gold deposits:\ The classification of gold deposits seems to be immature. The endogenic and exogenic gold deposits are both of economic significance. c.The tempo spatial distribution of gold deposits: The metallogeny of gold has no op tions on host rocks, with the evident structural control and uneven distribution of gold de posits. d.The enrichment regularity of gold ores:Most of gold occur in pyrite and quartz with micro fine grain size. e.Mineralization of gold:The precipitation of gold usually happened when the tempera tures and pressures of ore bearing hydrothermal solutions changed greatly.Giant time differ ence exists between ore bodies and host rocks in gold deposits which occur in the Precambri an metamorphic rocks in China. Gold deposits are almost all epigenic. Their mineralization closely correlates to both inorganic and organic substances. The discovery and their origin of gold nugguts are very important in researches and explorations.There are more genetic theo ries on the origin of gold deposits than any other deposits. f.The exploration and development of gold deposits and their role in national economy:Gold is the earliest developed metal in history.It has the superior position to other metals in national economy. The exploration and exploitation depths of gold deposits are thd biggest in al metallic ore deposits. Surprisingly, there are more than 7 departments in China to explore and research gold deposits, which exceeds any other metallic deposits.No special but all available prospecting methods are applied for gold deposits. 2.Several evident defects in the research of gold deposits. a.The methodology for other metallic deposits has long been used in the study of gold deposits, which does not make a concrete analysis of concrete conditions. b.The role of ore forming elements in metallogeny has been emphasized and exaggerated,However, the importance of mineralizers in mineralization processes has been nureasonably omitted. c.There has been no thorough research on ore control structures and metallogenic dy namics of gold deposits. d.There has been no profound research on the relationship between gold placers,regen erated gold placers and conglomerate type gold deposits. 3.Several important aspects in future geological research and exploration a.The sampling of gold deposits should be carriec out by large bore drilling machines. b.The deep hidden gold ore bodies should be the future targets of exploration. c.New metallogenic theories and methodology of researches and exploration for gold de postits should be established. d.The reascnable criteria of gold grade and exploration types for concrete deposits should be determines.