衡阳地区自动站与人工观测站气温对比分析

利用衡阳站、常宁站、南岳高山站2004—2006年自动与人工平行观测资料,运用相关分布、对比差值等分析方法,研究了自动站与人工站气温的差异性及变化特点。结果表明:自动气象站与人工站气温值的稳定性均很好,未出现大的系统性偏差。衡阳自动站以偏低为主,南岳高山和常宁自动站则以偏高为主。在气温较低的地区或时间段,自动站与人工站气温值相等出现几率更大。对比差值在逐时变化中表现出"单峰型"分布特征,最大值出现在11时,最小值出现在20时。影响对比差值大小变化的主要因素是气温的变化幅度,这种反应存在一定的滞后性,同时这种变化也是非对称性的,对比差上升增速要大于其下降的减速。衡阳站、南岳高山站气温对比差值,月平均误差范围小,达到《地面气象观测规范》要求。常宁自动气象站气温以偏高为主,温差变化大,特别在春、夏季部分月份表现更为明显。

Comparison of the temperatures between automatic instrument recording and manual observation in Hengyang city

Based on the two series data of daily temperature from 2004 to 2006 in Hengyang, Changning and Nanyue weather stations, the difference between the automatic recording and manual observation is studied by using correlation analysis and deviation comparison method. The results show that (1) the temperatures from the automatic recording and manual observation are both stable, and no huge systematic deviation is available; the difference between the two temperatures at Hengyang station is small, while at Nanyue and Changning station, the differences are obvious. (2) The hourly difference between the two temperatures shows 'single peak value' model, with the maximum value appears at 11:00 in the morning, the minimum at 20:00. The main reason of the difference is the changing degree of the temperatures, a little lagging is possible. (3) In specific hourly observations, the difference between them changes with the real temperature values, the automatic records are higher than manual observations at 08:00 and 14:00 but lower at 02:00 and 20:00. (4) The average monthly difference between automatic and manual records is negligcble according to the standard of the criterion for surface meteorological observation. However, the temperature from the automatic instrument at Changning station is often higher than that from manual observation; the difference between them changes widely, especially in spring and summer.