Crustal deformations related to the formation of new tolbachik volcanoes in 1975–1976, Kamchatka

The paper discusses the results of geodetic investigations performed in the region of the large 1975–1976 Tolbachik fissure eruption in Kamchatka. Using data from repeated triangulation and trigonometric levelings, horizontal and vertical displacements have been detected in an area of 3,500 km². Two zones have been recognized: the tension and uplift zone that is probably due to magma intrusion from depths to the surface along the line of new cones and the extensive compensative subsidence zone located at a distance of 20–50 km from the nearest newly-formed cones. Measurements made with small distance measuring device showed the dynamics of feeding basalt dykes intrusion and made it possible to determine their width (a little greater than 1 m) and magma and gas overpressure (50–250 bar). Data have been obtained on dimensions and growth of cones and on vertical ground deformation in the area of new cones during and after the eruption.