奈曼旗20世纪80年代以来土地覆盖/利用变化研究

奈曼旗是我国北方农牧交错带沙漠化最严重的地区之一, 也是中国沙漠化监测和治理的重要地区之一。自20世纪80年代以来开始实行一系列土地整治措施, 土地覆盖/利用发生很大变化。利用1980年和1996年的1: 10万的TM遥感影像及GIS获得的数据, 从土地覆盖/利用结构变化、数量变化、空间景观特征变化以及主要变化过程等方面对其进行了研究。结果表明, 80年代以来奈曼旗耕地与难利用土地大幅减少, 林地和草地大幅增加; 土地覆盖/利用变化的主要过程为: 耕地退耕还草、还林, 难利用土地恢复为草地, 在适宜的草地上植树造林; 景观变得破碎, 土地利用的多样性增强。

Study on Land Cover/Land Use Change of Naiman Banner since 1980s

Naiman banner is one of the most severely desertified regions in Chinese ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry, and is one of the improtant desertification monitoring areas of China. Along with a series of land renovations, land cover/use has changed greatly since 1980s. Using remote sensing figures by Landsat TM 1∶100000 in 1980 and 1996 and GIS data, the authors have studied land cover/use change, including its structure and amount change, spatial landscape characteristics change and main change processes. The main results are as follows:(1)Cropland and unused land decreased greatly, woodland and grassland increased since 1980s;(2)The main land cover/use change processes are that cropland returned to grassland and woodland, unused land changed into grassland, grassland converted into woodland;(3)The landscape changed into fragmentation and land use diversity enhanced.