SWAT模型及其应用研究进展

SWAT（Soil and Water Assessment Tool）模型是近几年发展迅速、影响较大的水文模型，主要用于模拟预测各种管理措施及气候变化对水资源供给的影响，评价流域非点源污染等。本文通过对SWAT模型的发展历史及该模型在水文、气候变化、非点源污染和输入参数对模拟结果的影响等几个主要方面的研究，总结了模型的优势，以及在使用该模型时需要注意的主要问题。SWAT 模型在国内的应用主要侧重于水文及非点源污染研究，研究多是以模型作为手段，改进工作不多，建议今后根据研究区域的需要，对模型作相应的改进，以更好地服务于研究项目。

Development of Study on Model-SWAT and Its Application

SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is a conceptual, continuous time model that was developed in the early 1990s to assist water resource managers in assessing the impact of management and climate on water supplies and non-point source pollution in watersheds and large river basins. SWAT is the continuation of over 30 years of model development within the US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service and was developed to 'scale up' past field-scale models to large river basins. Model components include weather, hydrology, erosion/sedimentation, plant growth, nutrients, pesticides, agricultural management, stream routing and pond/reservoir routing. The model SWAT is meanwhile used in many countries all over the world. It is a flexible model that can be used under a wide range of different environmental conditions as this paper will show. It intends to describe the history and development of the SWAT model and summarize primary application into five categories: (1) hydrologic applications; (2) climate change impacts on hydrology; (3) non-point source pollution study; (4) HRU (Hydrologic Response Units) and other input effects on simulation result; (5) adaptations of SWAT. Increasingly, the model SWAT has been modified against its shortcoming to serve special study. The application of SWAT model in China is mainly focused on hydrologic application and non-point source pollution and little work has been done on adaptations. The model SWAT is mainly used as a tool in Chinese application and its shortcomings have been also pointed out, but few study has made adaptation work to overcome the shortcomings. Suggestions are made in this paper on adaptations of the SWAT model to help water and land resource planning and conservation and explore its applicability in China.