上海市工业布局调整初探

上海市是中国重要工业基地之一。改革开放以来,随着市场经济体制的逐步建立,上海市工业空间结构呈现出内环线以内以劳动密集型的轻工业为主、内外环线之间以技术密集型高新技术产业为主、外环线以外远郊地区以资本密集型的重化工业为主的空间格局。从总体上看,从城市中心向外,单位土地面积工业生产产出效率逐渐降低、劳动密集程度逐渐减少、资本密集程度逐渐增加、对上海市总体经济规模贡献率逐渐加大、对周围环境影响逐渐增强的圈层结构特征十分明显。另外,上海市工业布局的实践表明,除了原燃料、市场、劳动力的价格及其运费以及集聚外,级差地租、现代交通设施、劳动就业也是影响工业布局的重要因子。从优化工业布局出发,上海市今后一段时期,应大幅度提高工业用地效益、建设科学合理的工业生产基地、制定相应的工业空间结构调整配套政策,以保证区域工业的健康发展

Research on the modification of industrial spatial distribution in Shanghai

s: Shanghai is one of the most important industrial centers in China Since the implementation of reform and open policies, with the market economic system gradually being built up, the industrial spatial structure in Shanghai has turned out the following pattern The labor intensive urban industry will be located primarily within the inner ring road, technology intensive industry between the inner ring and outer ring roads, and capital intensive "pillar" industries, which include heavy industries and chemical industries, primarily in the exurbs beyond the outer ring road Accordingly, as one moves outward from the city center, the degree of labor intensity and the efficiency of industrial production per unit of land will gradually decline, while capital intensive production, the contribution to the city's overall economy and the influence to the environment gradually increases It thus performs an obvious circularity structure Conventionally, Weber's industrial location theory mainly analyzed the effect of raw material and fuel, market, transportation cost and agglomeration to the location of industries from the static view However the layout of industry in Shanghai has shown that it is not sufficient to analyze the location of industry only from static view It's very important to discuss it in a dynamic way In addition, with the development of new industries, there are still some other important factors besides the above-mentioned four, such as rent at different ranks and modern transportation implement will also deeply effect the industrial location in Shanghai Furthermore, as one of the relatively developed metropolises in developing country, employment has taken a more and more important role in the economic and social development in Shanghai, and thus the influence of employment in the layout of industry is more obvious For the improvement of industrial allocation, Shanghai should greatly enhance the efficiency of industrial land, emphatically establish the industrial parks affiliated to the central government or the municipal government, and sharply decrease the quantity and area of parks affiliated to the villages or towns government Shanghai should also rationally construct some manufacture basements Hi industries should be mainly developed in Jinqiao, Zhangjiang, Waigaoqiao (in Pudong) and Caohejin (in Puxi) In the region out of outer ring road, the pillar industries such as motor vehicles manufacturing, steel industry, petrochemical, power generating electricity equipment and fittings manufacturing will be developed mainly in Baoshan, Jinshan, Minhang, Songjiang, Jiading, Kangqiao and Pudong New Area In addition, Shanghai government should formulate some relevant policies to stimulate the modification of industrial allocation First of all, the government should try to change the development mode of township enterprises and to accelerate their shift to the industrial parks affiliated to the central government or the municipal government through multiple means and thus realize the target of each town (village) possessing one industrial spot Secondly, there should be some policies to strengthen the relationship among universities, research institutes and enterprises, and thus accelerate the industrialization of research results Finally, enterprises should positively take part in the plan of infrastructure in the exurb and thus strengthen the coordination between infrastructure plan and industry layout plan All the above policy advices are very important for sustainable development of industry in Shanghai