典型藏族社区参与生态旅游开发的态度与感知分析——以西藏申扎为例

以西藏自治区申扎县的部分村落作为典型藏族社区,采取面对面访谈的方法,从社区居民参与的5个方面分析典型藏族社区参与生态旅游开发的感知与态度。结果表明：（1）大部分居民支持发展生态旅游,愿意参与生态旅游政策决策制定与开发,愿意参与旅游教育和培训。（2）大部分居民认为生态旅游可促进本地经济与社会发展,促进居民能力提升和提高居民对环境与文化的保护意识,但部分居民认为开发生态旅游会破坏自然环境与本地民俗文化。（3）社区居民参与生态旅游水平还很低,但参与潜力较大。（4）大部分居民可参与生态旅游开发的主要方式为：旅游开发的劳动力、提供藏族特色住宿餐饮、表演藏族歌曲和销售旅游商品。（5）社区参与生态旅游的能力较差,缺乏资金与技术,居民普遍对政府是否会帮助与支持当地居民参与旅游开发经营出缺乏信心。（6）制约典型藏族社区参与生态旅游的障碍性因素为：语言障碍、资金与技术缺乏、生态旅游的基础设施不足。最后构建申扎县社区参与生态旅游水平的提升机理。

Tibetan Attitudes Towards Community Participation and Ecotourism

Some Tibetan villages in Shenzha county, Tibet were chosen as typical Tibetan communities in China. Attitudes and perceptions towards Tibetan community participation in ecotourism were analyzed using face to face interviews. Most residents supported the development of ecotourism. They are willing to engage in ecotourism projects and accept ecotourism education and training, and expect that the government provides opportunities for them to participate in making ecotourism decisions. Most residents believed that ecotourism promotes local economies and social development, and enhances the ability and quality of local residents while improving their environmental consciousness. However, some residents were concerned that ecotourism may destroy local natural environments and Tibetan folk customs and culture. The level of community participation in ecotourism development is only in its infancy in Shenzha, but there is strong potential. The chief participatory approaches of ecotourism development for most residents were providing labor and catering services and commodities for tourism, and Tibetan performance singing and dancing. Limiting factors include language, a shortage of knowledge and skills, and poor ecotourism infrastructure. Most residents had little confidence that the government was willing to support them to participate in ecotourism. We put forward some mechanisms to enhance the level of community participation in ecotourism in this important region.