贵阳市岩溶地下水水质变化特征浅析

为了解长时间尺度岩溶地下水的水质变化特征，本文以贵阳市中心城区为例，选取1984年和2014年48组原位取样点的丰季水质数据，并结合地下水赋存环境和城市发展特征进行对比分析。结果显示:研究区地下水水质较好，整体有恶化的趋势；1984年仅有9处地下水水质超标，多数超标点为原生背景成因，2014年有14处水质超标，多数超标点为人类活动引起；地下水化学类型在30年间变化较大，近一半取样点地下水由HCO3型变成HCO3·SO4型水，研究区地下水硫酸盐化明显；新老城区地下水水质逐步好转，城乡结合部地带则是地下水污染的高发区，农业区因人类活动强度较低，地下水水质变化相对平缓。建议在岩溶城市的地下水资源开发和地下水环境保护工作中，应综合考虑不同区域的岩溶水文地质条件和人类活动特征，有的放矢的开展评价监测管理。针对工作区地下水硫酸盐化现象开展研究，并对城乡结合部开展综合整治，加强对农业区地下水环境的综合保护，以遏制区内地下水污染趋势，预防地下水污染事件的发生。 

Analysis of variation characteristics of karst groundwater quality in Guiyang City

The aim of this study is to understand the longtime underground water quality variation characteristics in karst regions. Choosing karst underground water of central Guiyang city as the object, the variation characteristics of karst underground water quality of Guiyang in 30 years were analyzed using 48 samples collected in 1984 and 2014, respectively. The results show that the ground water quality is good as a whole, while having a tendency to deteriorate. Only 9 sampling sites of 1984 were not suitable for drink directly, which was mainly caused by primary background environment. In 2014, 14 sampling sites were not suitable for drink, most of which was caused by human activities. The hydrochemical types of underground water have changed greatly over the 30 years, about half of the controlling points were changing into the HCO3·SO4 type from the type of HCO3 Underground water was getting sulfation obviously. Underground water quality in old and new city zones were getting better, and that in rural-urban conjunctions was easily polluted. Due to the low degree of human activities , the water quality in agricultural areas were changing gently. In the work of groundwater resources development and environmental protection, karst hydrogeology conditions and human activities characters in different areas should be considered synthetically and the objective-oriented evaluation of monitoring and management should be carried out. Aiming at the phenomenon of groundwater salinization in the work area, the comprehensive improvement of the urban-rural conjunctions should be strengthened to facilitate comprehensive protection of the groundwater environment in agricultural areas, so as to curb the trend of groundwater pollution and prevent the occurrence of groundwater pollution incidents.