再论岩土工程有限元方法的应用问题

岩土工程数值分析方法对于研究复杂的岩土介质与多变的施工措施是一种得力的方法，比传统的解析方法、室内试验方法、模拟试验方法、现场试验方法等具有无可替代的优越性。按岩土工程数值方法的历史发展、作用及发展方向，将其分为4个层次：作为一种高级计算器，直接为某个具体岩土工程的设计服务，对该岩土工程在各种极端设计工况下进行安全性、稳定性的计算分析；作为一种强大的、无与伦比的模拟分析器，对复杂工况条件下复杂岩土工程的各种不利因素的相互作用、相互影响、耦合效应等进行模拟分析；作为一种无成本、可重复的多功能试验机，探索具体岩土工程的稳定机制或某工程措施的加固机制；作为岩土工程数值方法的终极目标，对数值分析方法进行二次开发——研发智能化、快速化、简便化的新型数值分析工具。对这4个层次进行了讨论，并对每个层次进行举例说明。

Revisiting the application of finite element method in geotechnical engineering

The geotechnical engineering numerical analysis method is a powerful method for researching and analyzing complex geotechnical media and variable construction measures. It has irreplaceable advantages over traditional analytical methods, indoor test methods, simulation test methods and field test methods. According to the historical development, function and development trend of geotechnical engineering numerical methods, the numerical analysis can be divided into four levels: a high-level calculator, which directly contributes to the design of a specific geotechnical engineering, and calculates and analyzes the safety and stability of the geotechnical engineering project under various extreme design conditions; a powerful and unparalleled analog analyzer, which can simulate and analyze the interactions and coupling effects of various unfavorable factors in complex geotechnical engineering projects under complex working conditions; a cost-free and repeatable multi-functional testing machine, which can explore the stability mechanism of a specific geotechnical engineering project or the reinforcement mechanism of a certain engineering measure; the ultimate goal of the numerical analysis is to re-develop the numerical analysis method——to develop a new numerical analysis tool which is intelligent, fast and simple. This article discusses these four levels and gives examples of each level.