基于遥感的黄河三角洲海岸线变化研究

以黄河三角洲的Landsat TM/ETM+影像(1989~2009年)为数据源,采用遥感与地理信息系统技术,对黄河三角洲的岸线与面积变化进行监测。结果表明:1989年以来,黄河三角洲的岸线形状及长度均发生了较大变化,其中北部的刁口河流路区岸线向内陆蚀退明显;清水沟流路区的岸线整体向海域推进,部分区域有蚀退现象;神仙沟流路区主要为人工海堤,岸线变化不大。黄河三角洲的整体面积在1989~2009年处于增加中,但2006~2009年,面积变化为负值。从淤蚀情况来看,1989~2009年,黄河三角洲的淤蚀强度经历了"和缓-剧烈"的过程。这说明20年来黄河三角洲整体上处于增长发育中,但2006年后三角洲整体上呈现蚀退现象,同时黄河三角洲的淤蚀情况变得比以往更剧烈,意味着更强的海陆交汇作用和岸线变化。黄河的入海流路、水沙量、降水量等是影响三角洲岸线变化的重要因素,而人工堤坝能够在一定程度上维持海岸线的稳定。对黄河三角洲海岸线变化的研究有助于有效地管理和保护区域的社会和生态环境。

Coastline change detection of the Yellow River Delta by satellite remote sensing

We used remote sensing and geographic information system to extracted coastlines of the Yellow River Delta from muti-temporal Landsat TM/ETM+ images(1989~2009),and analyzed the length and area variations of the Yellow River Delta.The shape and length of the coastline in the Yellow River Delta had significantly changed since 1989.Coastal erosion occurred in the Diaokou Estuary area where the shoreline was not protected by dam.The whole coastline in Qingshuigou area extended seaward because some parts of it suffered from erosion.Coastline in Shenxiangou area changed little because most parts of it were protected by dam.The area of the Yellow River Delta increased from 1989 to 2009,though it decreased from 2006 to 2009.The annual average of area that erosion occurred or siltation changed from small to large.The Yellow River Delta was in expansion in the last 20 years.But from 2006 to 2009,the area of the Yellow River Delta was decreased and more area had been in erosion or siltation status.Discharge and sediment concentration of the Yellow River,precipitation and water diversion were main factors that influenced the area change of the Yellow River Delta.Artificial dams were able to resist the invasion of sea wave and to maintain the stability of coastline.The result of this work is contributed to the management and reservation of coastal environment.