附加垂线偏差参数的地面常规网与GNSS基线网联合平差

根据测站的垂线站心坐标系和法线站心坐标系之间的转换公式，将垂线偏差作为未知参数，列出地面常规网观测量（水平方向、垂直角和边长）在空间直角坐标系中的观测方程，并结合GNSS网的观测方程，推导出附加垂线偏差的GNSS网和地面网联合平差的参数估计及其精度评定公式。利用含有GNSS观测量和地面常规网观测量的实例数据解算出垂线偏差，分析了垂线偏差对平差结果的影响。结果表明，将垂线偏差作为未知参数，能够消除垂线偏差对观测值的影响，显著提高未知点坐标的解算精度及可靠性。

Combined Adjustment of Terrestrial Network and GNSS Network with Additional Parameters of Vertical Deflection

According to the conversion formula between the normal topocentric and vertical topocentric coordinate system, Observation equations with observations such as horizontal direction, vertical angle and distance of ground network in space-rectangular coordinate system are listed when considering the vertical deflection component as unknown parameters. Parameter estimation and precision evaluation formula of combined adjustment of GNSS network and terrestrial network with additional vertical deflection are deduced. The vertical deflection is solved using real data of GNSS observations as well as the Terrestrial network. The results show that the new approach can eliminate the influence of vertical deflection to the observations when considering the vertical deflection component as unknown parameters, thus this approach can remarkably improve the calculating precision and reliability of the unknown point coordinates.