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1.
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to examine local level spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature variability in drought-prone districts of rural Sidama, Central Rift Valley region of Ethiopia. The study used 129 gridded monthly rainfall and temperature data of 32 years (1983–2014). The gridded rainfall and temperature records were encoded into GIS software and evaluated through different statistical and geospatial techniques. Mann-Kendal rank test and F distribution tests were used to test temporal and spatial statistical significance, respectively, of the data. The analysis revealed that Belg and Kiremt are the main rainfall seasons, constituting 81% of the annual rainfall. Although annual, Kiremt, and Belg rainfall amounts appear to have decreased over time, the decreasing trend is statistically significant only for Belg rainfall records. On the other hand, rainfall standard anomaly results indicated seven droughts of different magnitudes: one extreme, two severe, and four moderate. The study also revealed increasing temperature trends over the years under consideration that are statistically significant. The findings of this study on rainfall contradict other findings obtained around the study area. Thus, climate change adaptations need to focus on location-specific climate data analysis so that the intended adaptive interventions can be successful. 相似文献
2.
Wetland hydroperiod classification in the western prairies using multitemporal synthetic aperture radar 下载免费PDF全文
Joshua S. Montgomery Chris Hopkinson Brian Brisco Shane Patterson Stewart B. Rood 《水文研究》2018,32(10):1476-1490
Wetlands represent one of the world's most biodiverse and threatened ecosystem types and were diminished globally by about two‐thirds in the 20th century. There is continuing decline in wetland quantity and function due to infilling and other human activities. In addition, with climate change, warmer temperatures and changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration are reducing wetland surface and groundwater supplies, further altering wetland hydrology and vegetation. There is a need to automate inventory and monitoring of wetlands, and as a study system, we investigated the Shepard Slough wetlands complex, which includes numerous wetlands in urban, suburban, and agricultural zones in the prairie pothole region of southern Alberta, Canada. Here, wetlands are generally confined to depressions in the undulating terrain, challenging wetlands inventory and monitoring. This study applied threshold and frequency analysis routines for high‐resolution, single‐polarization (HH) RADARSAT‐2, synthetic aperture radar mapping. This enabled a growing season surface water extent hyroperiod‐based wetland classification, which can support water and wetland resource monitoring. This 3‐year study demonstrated synthetic aperture radar‐derived multitemporal open‐water masks provided an effective index of wetland permanence class, with overall accuracies of 89% to 95% compared with optical validation data, and RMSE between 0.2 and 0.7 m between model and field validation data. This allowed for characterizing the distribution and dynamics of 4 marsh wetlands hydroperiod classes, temporary, seasonal, semipermanent, and permanent, and mapping of the sequential vegetation bands that included emergent, obligate wetland, facultative wetland, and upland plant communities. Hydroperiod variation and surface water extent were found to be influenced by short‐term rainfall events in both wet and dry years. Seasonal hydroperiods in wetlands were particularly variable if there was a decrease in the temporary or semipermanent hydroperiod classes. In years with extreme rain events, the temporary wetlands especially increased relative to longer lasting wetlands (84% in 2015 with significant rainfall events, compared with 42% otherwise). 相似文献
3.
本文简要介绍了陆地系列地球资源卫星的轨道特征,并以陆地—5号资源卫星为例,根据南山站的座标计算出该站对陆地—5号资源卫星的可观测范围及以该站为中心的卫星的覆盖区域。 相似文献
4.
A synthesis of Holocene pollen records from the Tibetan Plateau shows the history of vegetation and climatic changes during the Holocene. Palynological evidences from 24 cores/sections have been compiled and show that the vegetation shifted from subalpine/alpine conifer forest to subalpine/alpine evergreen sclerophyllous forest in the southeastern part of the plateau; from alpine steppe to alpine desert in the central, western and northern part; and from alpine meadow to alpine steppe in the eastern and southern plateau regions during the Holocene. These records show that increases in precipitation began about 9 ka from the southeast, and a wide ranging level of increased humidity developed over the entire of the plateau around 8-7 ka, followed by aridity from 6 ka and a continuous drying over the plateau after 4-3 ka. The changes in Holocene climates of the plateau can be interpreted qualitatively as a response to orbital forcing and its secondary effects on the Indian Monsoon which expanded northwards 相似文献
5.
昆仑山口大地震与地形变异常的讨论 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
针对昆仑山口大地震,总结了多种地形变(大地测量)手段所显示的异常变化及其时空分布,结果显示:8.1级大震前存在空间尺度大,时间尺度的地形变前兆异常,简要介绍了相关的异常图像,给出了初步解释,并对未来震情的发展进行了探讨,认为近期内强震活动向华北迁移的可能性不大。 相似文献
6.
本文使用红外天文卫星(IRAS)巡天数据的最新版本IRAS天空巡天图(ISSA),经过进一步处理,得到了S140S141和S142SharplessHII区-分子云复合体的红外发射强度、温度及其光深的分布.在此基础上对各HII区的一些物理参量进行了统计分析,得到了分子云复合体的红外发射总光度以及复合体中尘埃的分布情况,对小尺度尘埃(VSG)的丰度进行了分析.并对各恒星形成区中的致密团块进行了研究,揭示出其中一些可能的恒星形成区域.同时,对S140区中的有关红外点源作出了能谱分析,并对S141区的激发星进行了讨论. 相似文献
7.
Tanlu Fault Zone (TFZ) is a large NE trending deep fracture system in East China and is about 2500 km long. It extends from the south of Lujiang to Tancheng, and passes through the Bohai Sea and continues to the north, where it branches into Yilan ?Shulan Fault and Dunhua ?Mishan Fault. TFZ is a long lasting huge deep - rooted lithospherical fault system with different characteristics in different parts and at different periods of its evolution. TFZ also controls the distribution and occur-rences of many superlarge, large, middle and small sized gold ore deposits, e. g. Jiapigou, Haigou, Xiaoxihancha and Ciwei-gou gold deposits in Northeast China; Linglong, Jiaojia, Sanshandao, Taishang, Xincheng, Rushan, and Pengjiakuang gold deposits in Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong Province; and Guilaizhuang and Yinan in Western Shandong Province. 相似文献
8.
THE SIMULATED STORAGE CAPACITY OF FLOOD AND WATERLOGGING IN THE TYPICAL AGRICULTURAL REGION IN JIANGHAN PLAIN 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1INTRODUCTIONJianghanPlainisoneoftheimportantbasesofChina′sagriculturalproductivitylocatedinthemiddleChangjiangRivervalleyofcentralChina.TheJianghanplainapproximately6.6×104km2inareaandover30millioninpopulationistherenowned“countryoffishandrice"in… 相似文献
9.
C. Debi Prasad Ashok Ambastha Nandita Srivastava Sushanta C. Tripathy Mona J. Hagyard 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1997,18(1):39-55
Super-active region NOAA 6555 was highly flare productive during the period March 21st–27th, 1991 of its disk passage. We
have st udied its chromospheric activity using high spatial resolution Hα filtergrams taken at Udaipur along with MSFC vector
magnetograms. A possible relationship of flare productivity and the variation in shear has been explored. Flares were generally
seen in those subareas of the active region which possessed closed magnetic field configuration, whereas only minor flares
and/or surges occurred in subareas showing open magnetic field configuration. Physical mechanisms responsible for the observed
surges are also discussed. 相似文献
10.