格网DEM中基于坡度信息的粗差检测与剔除方法试验

提出了一种基于格网DEM的粗差检测及剔除方法,其基本思想是对每个表面上的点,在坡度上,高程或突变量引起的形状不连续,可能被怀疑有误差,通过坡度上每个点,应用坡度逼近或改变量来计算,考虑坡度变化的相对值,并以这些相对值计算一个统计值为判断该点合法性的阈值,使计算结果更为可靠。     

形变大地测量学的进展、问题与地震预报

简要概括了形变大地测量学的革命性进展，研讨了它的科学特色、功能和定义以及对地球科学和防灾减灾的推动。形变大地测量学有助于从根本上击破多年来制约地震预报的“瓶颈”，但也存在不少急待解决的问题。着重研讨了在21世纪前10年，形变大地测量学如何依托多年的学科积累并充分受益于人造卫星和数字化等新技术，开展创新性研究和试验以推进地震预报。为此，对当前的研究工作提出了12条科学技术途径。最后对学科名称提出了建议。     

内陆盆地的盐分布与平衡分析研究

在总结已有研究成果和系统分析水文、土壤、灌溉、水盐监测资料的基础上,应用系统分析方法、水盐运移理论和水盐平衡原理,通过对盆地、流域、灌区、农田和土壤剖面等不同层次盐分分布与盐平衡分析计算,分析了内陆盆地不同层次的“干排盐”形成与特征,认为干排盐是必不可少的,必须系统地考虑不同层次干排盐出路与动力条件,才能有效地治理灌区盐渍化问题。     

To afforest the desert with the technology of peat composed of rotten mosses and the sustainable development of the oases

Only by providing the good conditions for the growth of plants can a favorable ecologicalenvironment on which human beings rely for existence be created. The upside-down-T dou-ble-layer water-conserving afforestation way is developed according to the situation of the short-age of water resources, low soil fertility and vast land in the arid areas. The characteristics of theafforestation way are to change the microenvironment in the root area of the plants, provide thefavorable conditions for the growth of plants, and reduce the necessary conditions for the growth ofplants in large areas in the arid regions. Meanwhile, the size of its water-conserving layer can bechanged according to the size of the planted trees. The different ways of the bottom wa-ter-conserving layer can be used according to the requirements. The afforestation way is suitablefor planting trees on a small scale and also for afforesting on a large scale under the adverse cir-cumstances in the arid areas, and has been effectively used in the afforestation in the hinterland ofTaklamakan Desert and the southern marginal zone of Gurbantonggut Desert. The prospects ofthe afforestation way are broad in afforestation and desertification control in the desert regions.     

Competitive Adjustment and Advancement in Global Commodity Chains II: The Case of the Singapore Garment Industry

This is the second part of a contribution to the debate on the possibilities of leveraging economic globalisation — through incorporation in international production networks and global commodity chains (GCCs) — as a strategy for developing countries to industrialise and advance their position in the world economy. In the first part, we analysed the experience of the East Asian apparel industry and addressed the issues of sustaining positions, upgrading to more rewarding roles, and advancing to less dependent positions within production networks and GCCs. We developed an analytical framework at both the firm and industry levels, and subsequently identified alternative firm- and industry-level strategies and trajectories. The present paper deals with these issues in the context of the Singapore apparel industry. Based on extensive empirical research, we demonstrate that although the East Asian experience of upgrading and repositioning within the GCC is to some extent emulated in the case of the Singapore apparel industry, the outcomes have been less favourable in terms of the depth, extent and strength of these trajectories. The differing outcomes can be explained in terms of different (systemic) conditions in the Singapore business environment, including the agency of local players, the geography of sourcing networks, and the role of the state and prevailing business attitudes. Our conclusions merit continued attention in both research and policy circles on the development of capabilities at the firm level, and the role of local business and institutional environments in local industry development processes under globalisation.     

单程波方程偏移算子高阶辛格式

针对地震偏移算法中单程波算子中e指数项的近似，提出一种高阶辛格式算法. 与非辛格式的近似、一阶辛格式近似和两步法进行数值对比表明，文中提出的高阶辛格式具有更高的精度. 脉冲响应的计算也表明文中的近似方法具有降低频散效应和适应横向变速的能力. 用Marmousi模型验证了对复杂构造的成像的能力，实际资料计算表明本文方法适合于较大深度的稳定准确成像.     

冲积层防水煤柱上提工作面的防治水对策

开滦矿区煤系地层上覆由于防水煤柱留设过大，造成了大量的煤炭储量呆滞。为了提高煤炭资源回收率，确保安全生产，开滦林南仓矿在西二采区进行了工作面采后的导高观测试验研究，测量导水裂隙带岩层的漏失情况，为提高开采上限提供了地质依据，防水煤柱由原来的65m缩小到53m，成功地在1221上工作面进行了试验开采。     

开滦林南仓井田岩浆岩侵入规律及找煤方向探讨

通 过地 面钻孔 、井下 开采和 磁法 勘探,发现 井 田内 赋存 有 大量 的岩 浆 岩体 ,特 别是 西二 采 区发 育岩 床 ,使该 区可采 储量 急 剧减 少,严重 影 响了 井田 采 掘 工 程的 衔 接 ,使 矿 井 生产 处 于 被 动局 面 。 通过 对 岩 浆 岩侵 入 规 律 的深 入 研究,预 测了井 田岩 床的分 布范 围和面 积,对 区域找 煤以 及为矿 井生 产和可 持续 发展具 有现 实的指 导意 义。     

浅析GIS的地下管线查询与管理系统

城镇地下管线就像是城镇的脉络,对于城镇的运转非常重要,肩负着为城镇运送物质能量、输出废弃物的重要使命。随着城镇的扩建,敷设于地下的管线不断向周围扩张,其规模不断膨胀,因此,也变得越来越复杂。传统的管线管理方式不仅数据的查询效率低,导致因管线错挖而造成的爆管事故频发,而且不能及时准确地进行应急处理。所以在告别传统落后的地下管线管理方式的同时,我们应思考如何能够更好的管理大量的地下管线数据,从而提高了数据的查询与应急管理的效率,为城镇规划和发展提供更好的支撑作用。     

Spatialising the Melanesian Canarium industry: Understanding economic upgrading in an emerging industry among three Pacific small island states

This paper examines economic upgrading in the Canarium indicum (Canarium) nut industry in Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. Canarium is a tree that is indigenous to Melanesia, and has been the subject of several commercialisation attempts since 1988. The paper assesses the outcomes to various actors in the Canarium supply chain from attempts to upgrade industry products and processes by: (1) increasing the available resource in suitable locations; (2) improving nut products and processing techniques; (3) increasing actors’ knowledge and supply chain coordination; and (4) establishing product standards. A two-phase data generation process was implemented. Document analysis and participant observations of industry workshops initiated a set of four economic upgrading interventions that were adaptively implemented. A second stage of workshops and 76 interviews enabled outcomes to be assessed at the project’s end. Findings suggest that a small number of urban-based entrepreneurs benefit and subsequently are lead actors in industry development, but at the expense of benefits being distributed to a larger, more spatially disparate group of smallholder and small commercial growers. These economic upgrading outcomes are circumscribed by core-periphery relations in Pacific small island states and the scale of industry in each country. Thus, spatial inequalities are reproduced through the emerging Canarium industries. We argue that different routes to industry development are required in each country. Development initiatives that capitalise on the benefits of micro-enterprise clusters, joint action and regional institutional arrangements are proposed to overcome the impediments imposed by the particular geographies of Pacific island states.