The socialization potential of the CDM in EU–Vietnam climate relations

This article argues that the material incentives associated with climate policies such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) may contribute to the socialization of emerging economies such as Vietnam in economic-oriented climate change norms. In current academic research, the CDM has both been extolled as a cost-effective and vilified as an environmentally inadequate instrument. Few studies so far, however, have looked into the CDM's potential contribution to socialization-related phenomena such as raising climate change awareness. This article aims to fill that gap by studying the CDM in EU–Vietnam relations in four periods, namely initiation (2001–2007), improvement (2008–2010), consolidation (2010–2012), and potential habit formation (2012 and beyond), with both the EU and Vietnam being important players in the market for CDM credits (Certified Emission Reductions or CERs). We argue that there is at least a strong potential for habit formation resulting from the CDM's material incentives, and that the underlying causal mechanism involves the emergence and activities of norm entrepreneurs and habit formation through a process of legal institutionalization.

Policy relevance

Normative transformation or change is increasingly attracting the attention of both climate policy makers and scholars alike, certainly in view of the failures of ‘standard’ economic or technological solutions to tackle climate change. There is a need, however, to apply insights from social theory to specific policies and cases. The policy relevance of this article lies here: does the CDM (a specific policy) affect climate concerns (norms) in Vietnam (a specific case)? And, if so, to what extent and why? Based on previous research regarding the Chinese case, it is expected that the CDM's material incentives result in a mild effect in Vietnam, probably less pronounced than in China in view of the latter's relative level of economic development, and the strength of its political and legal-institutional system and (human) capacity to develop CDM projects. This article's research findings point out that whether and how ‘deep’ these new shared ideas will succeed in becoming standards of appropriate behaviour in Vietnam might to some extent depend on whether the international community is able to offer a material incentive structure that fosters such a normative transformation.     

测绘档案社会化服务初探

在知识经济飞速发展的时代,测绘档案对人类社会的生存、发展,对人类历史文化的传承与延续有着不可替代的基础作用,加强测绘档案社会化服务显得尤为重要。本文对测绘档案社会化服务的内涵进行简单介绍,并对目前测绘档案社会化服务现状进行分析,建立测绘档案社会化服务的完整体系,以进一步扩大测绘档案的社会影响力,实现"服务第一,优质高效"的目标。     

减轻地质灾害与可持续发展

阐述地质灾害与可持续发展的辩证关系,指出地质灾害是社会经济可持续发展的制约因素,但是,减轻地质灾害也是发展,“减负等于加正”,在减灾中获取“加正”的经济效益、社会效益与环境效益。为此,必须提高全社会的减灾意识,推动减灾社会化;实施减灾系统工程进行综合减灾;开展减灾示范区工作;综合治理地质灾害,保护地质环境;深入开展灾害科学研究,提高社会的减灾能力和水平。     

城市居住空间分异背景下青少年成长的邻里影响——以广州市鹭江村与逸景翠园为例

城市居住空间分异是现代城市社会阶层分化导致的普遍现象,西方许多研究证明这种特定人群集中居住的邻里会对其中的青少年的成长产生多方面的影响。本文以广州市鹭江村和逸景翠园社区为例进行对比研究,探究中国城市中不同邻里对居住在其中的青少年成长的影响。在此将邻里特征分为社会经济特征、家庭教育观念特征、同龄人交往特征、机构资源特征4 个方面,运用logistic 回归分析发现,上述4 个方面的邻里特征确实会对青少年的成长产生影响,其中社会经济特征对青少年的学习成绩有影响,家庭教育观念特征影响青少年的教育表现与心理状态,同龄人交往特征则对青少年性格有重要影响,机构资源特征会影响青少年发展机会的获得。而邻里影响的作用机制可以用Jencks等的邻里机构资源模式和群体社会化模式来解释。     

GIS的社会化及公众GIS

GIS(地理信息系统 )的发展继专业化和行业化阶段之后 ,正处于社会化发展阶段。在该阶段 ,GIS的主要作用是为公众提供信息服务。文章在分析了GIS的这种发展趋势的基础上提出了“公众GIS”的概念 ,即 :直接面向公众 ,为公众提供信息服务和辅助公众进行行为决策的地理信息系统。与传统GIS相比 ,公众GIS更具有信息服务业的特点。公众GIS的建设应该突出信息的全面性、现势性和准确性、系统的友好性以及数据的易维护性等原则。公众GIS的关键技术包括数据采集、网络、数据库、多媒体以及系统的友好性设计等技术。公众GIS在建设全国城市公众信息服务网、全国交通旅游信息网以及汽车导航信息系统等方面具有广阔的应用前景。文章对公众GIS的实例———“今日武汉”公众查询系统作了简要介绍。     

Field Work in the Elementary School

Abstract

This research examines the effects of culture on a child's perceptions of his or her neighborhood by comparing the neighborhood sketch maps of a group of Amish and non-Amish children from the same rural Pennsylvania neighborhood. The results of this study lend credence to the belief that early and intensive acculturation helps define our sense of “neighborhood” very early in life. There are possible applications to multicultural education in this study. As we discover what is important to students from other subcultures and backgrounds, we can customize our instruction to make it more meaningful and effective.     

招远市全力推动国土资源工作社会化的几点做法

如何处理国土资源监督专业性和国土关注社会化之间的矛盾已经成为国土资源部门当前必须面对的重要课题。几年来,招远市国土资源局一直致力于国土工作社会化,通过城乡用地规划、用地管理、舆论宣传、开门审案、创新服务,以实现国土资源监督社会化,推动全市国土资源管理制度化、规范化和标准化,解决群众反映的热点和难点问题。     

论地震科普宣传信息社会化

地震科普宣传具有社会性、科学性、实践性、综合性和时效性相对较强的特点。它作为一种信息,尤其要以科学事实为根据、以自己特殊的规律来表现适应民众心理的实质内容。本文用系统论、心理学、信息论的观点,试图从信息的传播、及馈及其科学管理的角度,探索开展地震防震减灾社会宣传工作的规律,提出如何进一步提高地震科学的社会宣传功能,更好地为四化建设服务的问题,供探讨、交流。     

土地利用规划信息的社会化与网络化应用

针对土地利用规划信息量大增,传统管理方式无法满足新形势要求的现状,探索出一种运用GIS、网络、数据库等关键性核心技术,实现土地利用规划信息社会化与网络化的设计方案,并在GIS平台上开发了土地利用规划管理系统。该系统集图形和属性数据为一体,包括B/S与C/S两子系统,实现规划辅助编制、规划成果管理、专题图提取及规划信息发布等功能。实践证明:该方案对于改变传统管理方式,提高政府的管理与服务水平和宏观调控能力。     

城市GIS社会化应用中的分布式数据组织方法研究

社会化应用是城市GIS重要的发展方向,城市GIS社会化应用中对于分布于不同城市管理部门的空间数据和属性数据的管理一直是一个比较棘手的问题。本文分析了城市GIS社会化应用的内容和总体结构,提出了基于Oracle分布式数据库的数据组织方案,并对该方法进行了验证。