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Stanley W. Trimble 《Environmental Geology》1997,32(3):230-234
A significant proportion of stream sediment yield in North America comes from stream channel and bank erosion. One method
used for stream stabilization is the bank installation of timber and stone fish-shelter structures, but there is little evidence
for their potential effectiveness. Nine to nineteen years of precise survey data from Coon Creek, Wisconsin, however, show
that fish structures enhance sediment deposition along the stream and may retard lateral migration of channels. Such structures
have greater utility for sediment control when streams are eroding away a high bank and replacing it with a lower bank.
Received: 18 October 1996 · Accepted: 4 February 1997 相似文献
3.
论城市应急避险场所建设 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
做好减灾工作,加强应急避险场所建设是一项重要的任务,是落实以人为本,构建和谐社会的具体体现之一。1城市应急避险场所的性质笔者认为,城市避险场所的定义为:城市应急避险场所是为城市或城镇受到各种灾害侵袭而暂时离开居所的人群临时提供的、利用各种空旷场地和大型馆所预先设立的躲避灾难、居留和生活的公共场所。各种灾害包括自然灾害、事故灾难、突发公共卫生灾害、突发社会安全事件等。受助人群包括当地居民以及受灾当地的外来人群。避险场所提供的是临时性的居留场所,其基本服务是政府免费提供的,一旦灾难结束或受灾家园得到重建,停… 相似文献
4.
对包兰铁路沙坡头段枝条阻沙栅栏流场结构进行风洞模拟试验。结果表明:气流在经过横向、竖向阻沙栅栏时均出现了明显的流速分区。气流在经过阻沙栅栏时速度会减弱,但是竖向枝条阻沙栅栏的综合阻风防沙效果明显优于横向阻沙栅栏,同时竖向枝条阻沙栅栏制作上具有工序简单、原材料广泛及不受枝条长度限制的特性,因此,在防沙治沙应用中,竖向枝条阻沙栅栏更适合推广。虽然孔隙度是阻沙栅栏设计的重要技术参数,但栅栏结构对风沙流场产生直接影响,是决定着其对风沙活动防护效应高低的关键因子。 相似文献
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避难场所可达性是指避难场所与受灾居民之间的通达性,即灾害发生时,避难人员通过避难疏散通道到达避难场所的难易程度,是评价避难场所布局合理性的重要指标。本研究结合高斯两步移动搜寻法和网络分析法,从供需双向出发对村镇地区避难场所进行可达性分析。2种方法的结合,既充分考虑了需求点与设施点的相互作用,又充分考虑了设施点的吸引力随距离的衰减关系,并基于实际道路,以步行疏散时间作为搜索半径,降低了传统研究中因忽略供需间相互作用及实际距离而引起的可达性结果的误差。最后,以神农架松柏镇区为例,验证该方法的实际应用价值。结果表明,该方法能够有效测定村镇地区避难场所的空间可达性,同时,基于GIS软件可以直观地揭示研究区域内避难场所可达性空间分布差异。该方法可为制定科学的村镇防灾减灾规划提供方法支持。 相似文献
7.
利用多测站实测GNSS观测数据,模拟四周遮挡(城市环境)、单侧遮挡(峡谷环境)和顶空遮挡(大型桥梁路基环境)3种遮挡环境,从可用卫星数、PDOP值、可用历元率、定位精度和收敛时间5个方面,综合分析多系统PPP技术的定位服务效能。结果显示,相比GPS单系统PPP定位结果,在无遮挡环境下,四系统融合PPP技术在可用卫星数、PDOP值、可用历元率、定位精度和收敛时间方面分别改进300%、40%、2%、20%和50%;在遮挡环境下,分别改进300%、60%、25%、39%和52%。 相似文献
8.
福建滨海木麻黄林下土壤性质的变化及其对林带更新的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了福建滨海沙地木麻黄防护林Mo的生物地球化学循环特征和林下土壤pH的变化,发现因Mo的生物地球化学循环不平衡引起的土壤微量元素Mo的耗竭和土壤的酸化是木麻黄林早衰和迹地更新生长不良的重要原因。提出了相应的对策建议。 相似文献
9.
The subject of the security fence between Israel and the Palestinians in the West Bank has become a major issue in Israel
and in the world in the last several years. The main aim of this research is to reveal the attitudes and thoughts about the
fence held by local residents living in settlements (borderlanders) in the proximity of a part of the security fence that
has already been completed. The research concentrates on the western-Israeli side of the fence, as it aspires to delve into
and understand the meaning and implications of the security fence on matters such as personal security, safety of property
and freedom of movement, the possibility of maintaining social and economic ties between the two sides and feelings about
living in the area in the future. Underlying this research is the transformation occurring in the border area as a result
of its closure by construction of the security fence, after many years in which it was open partially. This process has many
diverse consequences, some of them contradictory, on the two populations residing near the border in Israel: the majority
Jewish population (the national borderlanders), and the minority Arab population (the transnational borderlanders). 相似文献
10.
Ecological shelter zones reconstruction is an ecosystem restoration and conserva-tion project aimed to the ecological safety of nations,regions and basins. Reconstruction of ecological shelter zones of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River became one of the most important tasks of Western Development strategy. This article,taking Zhaotong as an exam-ple,studies the functional regionalization of ecological shelter zones. The study supplies a case for functional regionalization of small and medium regions whose main tasks are envi-ronment reservation. With the guidance of theories of functional regionalization,and based on the analysis of Zhaotong's natural,ecological and socioeconomic factors,the paper suggests five principles for factors selection. These principles include: (1) reversing order evaluation; (2) selecting main factors; (3) keeping the integrality of administrative regions of towns; and (4) making the products acceptable by local government. To analyze spatial status of selected factors,LUCC data in 2002,1:50,000 relief maps and town-unit socioeconomic statistical data in 2004 are used. RS and GIS tools are also applied to melt traditional and modern geo-graphical methods. This would be useful to functional regionalization research in mountain-ous areas. As a conclusion,the leading functional regions of ecological conservation or economic development are suggested,respectively. Zhaotong city is divided into two-level functional regions. The first-level includes three leading functional regions and they will lead developing direction of sub-regions. The second-level includes eight sub-regions,which are policy implemented regions,and will supply guidance to Zhaotong's ecological shelter zones reconstruction. 相似文献