Holocene climate reconstructions of Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang,China) inferred from ostracod species assemblages and stable isotopes

In this paper, the data on the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes during the Holocene are presented and a discussion is made on a 225-cm-long sediment core from Ulungur Lake, located in Northwest China. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the bulk organic matter. On the basis of the analysis of ostracod assemblages and the shell stable isotopes, the core is divided into three paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental evolution stages: 9 985–5 250 cal.aB.P. stage is the wettest phase of the core section. The climate changed from moderate-dry to cool-wet, and then to warm-wet in turn, and the lake level rose accordingly, showing the characteristic of a high lake level. 5 250–1 255 cal.aB.P. stage was the driest phase of the core sediment. The climate turned from the early warm-dry to the late warm-wet and the lake level fell and rose again. Finally, the 1 255 cal.aB.P. stage was the medium stage of the section. The temperature was low and then increased after the 1920s and the climate was dry. The whole climatic and environmental evolution records of Lake Ulungur were not only in agreement with the sporopollen record of the same core but also in agreement with the record of environmental changes of adjacent areas. It responded to regional environmental changes and global abrupt climate events, following the westerly climate change mode on 100-year-scale, primarily with cold-wet and warmdry characteristics. __________ Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27(3):382–391 [译自:第四纪研究]     

The Taconite Inlet Lakes Project: a systems approach to paleoclimatic reconstruction

A comprehensive study of meteorological, hydrological, limnological and sedimentological conditions in the watersheds of density-stratified (meromictic) lakes around Taconite Inlet, Northern Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada was carried out from 1990–1992. Lakes C1 and C2 contain seawater trapped by isostatic uplift as the former embayments became isolated from the sea. These lakes, and Lake C3, contain varved sediments which provide an annually resolvable paleoclimatic record. By studing the major systems influencing sedimentation in one of these lakes (Lake C2) a better understanding of the climatic controls on varve formation, and hence on the paleoclimatic signal in the varved sediment record, was obtained. The varves of Lake C2 provide a proxy record of summer temperature for the region.This is the first in a series of papers published in this issue on the Taconite Inlet Lakes Project. These papers were collected by Dr R. S. Bradley.     

浙江天台地区赖家组的划分与分布

柴达木盆地是中国目前保存较为完整的、连续的、巨厚的河－湖相沉积记录的盆地，通过对ZK701＋801，水6孔，涩中6和涩深1井等典型剖面孢子花粉组合特征和分布规律的研究，详细地论述了第四纪孢粉组合带及其所代表的植被，气候演变进程，自1．87MaB.P.以来共识出了59个孢粉组合带，划分出29个完整的冷暖气候旋回，并且同中国西北第四纪黄土－古土壤系列的37个气候旋回以及深海钻孔氧同位素气候旋回进行了较好的对比。     

The lacustrine sedimentary records of coal-burning atmospheric pollution

With the acceleration of industrialization, coal- burning atmospheric pollution is getting more and more serious in many regions in China. However, there are only about ten odd years literature records about pollution in some large and mid-sized cities, where the atmosphere has perhaps been polluted for several decades, and therefore it is difficult to know the process and characteristic of pollution, and diffi-cult to evaluate its damage to environment. Lacustrine sediment, a natural record w…     

人类从哪里来？——（4）人类演化与古地理、古环境和古气候变化

详细介绍了8 Ma以来全球气候变化的规律,研究表明地球上主要发生过3次冷气候事件：第一次冷气候事件大约发生在距今7 Ma,一股强烈的干冷气流刮过欧洲大陆,穿越赤道地区直达非洲大陆,使得原始森林开始萎缩,面积的缩小导致古猿与人类发生演化分异;第二次冷气候事件大约发生在距今4.2 Ma,那时干冷气候持续发展,非洲大陆的原始森林进一步萎缩,并逐渐演化为稀树草原,出现了南方猿人和傍人;第三次冷气候事件大约发生在距今2.3 Ma,全球气候变化波动较大,冷-暖气候交替发育,地球上出现了真正意义上的人（人属）,并逐渐演化成现代人。根据目前的研究,人类的起源和演化与古地理、古环境和古气候变化密切相关,人类演化历史大致可分为7个时期：撒海尔猿人—原初猿人时期、地居猿人时期、南方猿人—傍人时期、能人—鲁道夫人时期、匠人—直立人时期、先驱人—海德堡人时期和智人时期。     

红原泥炭正构烯烃的分布与古气候意义

利用GC-MS对红原泥炭样品中的分子化石进行了系统检测,获得了一系列正构烯烃,碳数分布范围为C18—C28,主峰碳为C27,次主峰为C23或C25,与同一深度处的正构烷烃分布模式完全不同。泥炭中正构烯烃的轻重组分∑C21-/∑C2 1、正构烯烃与相应碳数的正构烷烃比值呈有意义的阶段性变化。其中∑C21-/∑C21 与正构烷烃L/H的变化趋势大体一致;而C24:1/C24:0和C23:1/C23:0比值却与之相反。这可能与正构烯烃,特别是这些中碳数化合物因气候如温度的变化在厌氧条件下发生微生物的氢化作用有关,很可能记录了青藏高原东北部地区全新世以来的温度信号。(C26 C27 C28)/(C23 C24 C25)正构烯烃比值,与该区植被分布具有一定的对应关系,说明这些正构烯烃可能除了与植被有关外,也与不同植被类型的组织具有不同抗微生物降解能力相关。这些指标记录的气候信息与前期报道的分子化石记录的气候演化基本一致,说明正构烯烃可以作为古气候的替代性指标。     

松山-布容地磁极性倒转在黄土高原东南缘记录的可靠性探讨

中国黄土的剩磁获得机理和Lock-in深度问题是目前黄土古地磁研究的焦点和核心问题之一,它直接关系到黄土时间标尺的精确度和海陆古气候对比的可靠性.文章以黄土高原东南缘三门峡曹村剖面获得的高分辨率古地磁极性界线作为年代控制点,通过黄土-古土壤序列1.1Ma以来的磁气候记录与近年来中、高纬度大西洋ODP/DSDP钻孔中获得的具有高分辨率古地磁年代约束的深海氧同位素记录进行了详细对比分析,提出与传统的海陆对比不同的基于古地磁界线的海陆对比方案:松山/布容地磁极性转换界线记录在曹村剖面S8的顶部,可对应深海沉积的MIS 19,而不是前人认为的MIS 21.黄土高原不同地区记录东亚冬、夏季风的差异性和变化性可能是全球具同时性的松山/布容地磁极性转换在黄土高原不同地区产出层位不一致性的主要原因,而基于Lock-in模型的天文年代标尺则可能高估了黄土/古土壤的年龄.     

青藏高原湖泊沉积物对古气候环境变化的响应

随着全球变化研究的不断深入,青藏高原湖泊沉积物的研究得到很大发展。作为高分辨率古环境变化的“记录仪”,湖泊沉积物在重建晚第四纪全球环境变化中具有特殊的地位和意义。湖泊沉积物中储存的各种信息反映了矿物学、同位素地球化学、生物学、沉积学等方面对气候环境变化的响应。在古环境变化研究中,湖泊沉积物已经从定性化研究逐渐过渡到定量化研究。     

Paleoclimatic significance of grain size of loess-palaeosol deposit in Chinese Loess Plateau

Particle size analysis for samples from three last glacial cycle loess-palaeosol profiles along a northwestsoutheast transection on the Chinese Loess Plateau has been carried out. The paleoclimatic significance of grain size indices has been obtained by analyzing the fraction content variations and their comparisons with global ice volume and solar radiation variations. The results show that (i) paleoclimatic significance of the grain size indices of loess-palaeosol deposit is different with grain size fraction content and sampling points in Chinese Loess Plateau; (ii) the sub-coarse grain fraction is a good proxy index of East Asia winter monsoon strength and therefore can be used to detect the global climate changes; (iii) the content of sub-fine and fine grain fractions is influenced by both the input of sub-coarse grain fraction and pedogenesis; (iv) the sub-coarse fraction exhibits a negative relationship with the sub-fine and fine fractlon. Project supported by the 9.5 major project of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the open grant of the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Multiple controls on the paleoenvironment of the Early Cambrian marine black shales in the Sichuan Basin,SW China: Geochemical and organic carbon isotopic evidence

In order to understand the paleoenvironment of the Early Cambrian black shale deposition in the western part of the Yangtze Block, geochemical and organic carbon isotopic studies have been performed on two wells that have drilled through the Qiongzhusi Formation in the central and southeastern parts of Sichuan Basin. It shows that the lowest part of the Qiongzhusi Formation has high TOC abundance, while the middle and upper parts display relative low TOC content. Redox-sensitive element (Mo) and trace elemental redox indices (e.g., Ni/Co, V/Cr, U/Th and V/(V + Ni)) suggest that the high-TOC layers were deposited under anoxic conditions, whereas the low-TOC layers under relatively dysoxic/oxic conditions. The relationship of the enrichment factors of Mo and U further shows a transition from suboxic low-TOC layers to euxinic high-TOC layers. On the basis of the Mo-TOC relationship, the Qiongzhusi Formation black shales were deposited in a basin under moderately restricted conditions. Organic carbon isotopes display temporal variations in the Qiongzhusi Formation, with a positive excursion of δ¹³C_org values in the lower part and a continuous positive shift in the middle and upper parts. All these geochemical and isotopic criteria indicate a paleoenvironmental change from bottom anoxic to middle and upper dysoxic/oxic conditions for the Qiongzhusi Formation black shales. The correlation of organic carbon isotopic data for the Lower Cambrian black shales in different regions of the Yangtze Block shows consistent positive excursion of δ¹³C_org values in the lower part for each section. This excursion can be ascribed to the widespread Early Cambrian transgression in the Yangtze Block, under which black shales were deposited.