我国豆科植物属的地理分布型及其结瘤固氮性

本文对我国豆科植物属─主要指我国野生自产的属─的地理分布型进行了分析和总结,井阐述了豆科植物属在地理分布上的几个特性;区域局限性、间断性和扩散性。通过对属的大小类型与地理分布型的对比分析,发现热带成分属与属的大小类型关系密切。关于豆科植物的结瘤固氮特性,三个亚科是有区别的,这除了与遗传因素有关外,还与地理分布环境有一定关系。随着豆科植物在我国当今农业、林业及正在兴起并迅速发展的农林复合业(Agro-forestry)中重要性的增强,尤其对土壤改良和土地持续利用的贡献加大,本文对于在区域范围内选择豆科植物属种具有理论指导意义。     

桤木人工林结瘤固氮的时空变化及其对后续植物的效应(Ⅰ)

桤木在四川盆地中北部山丘区,普遍具有良好的结瘤能力:单株五年生林木结瘤量40～160g(鲜重),十年生最佳达200g左右.而在盆地南部酸性紫色土和黄壤上结瘤量显著降低.影响结瘤的主要因素是土壤的pH、质地和碳酸钙含量.pH中性和微碱性是结瘤的适宜环境,质地较轻、排水良好处结瘤较多,碳酸钙含量18％以上,结瘤受到抑制.     

Studies on the effect of salinity, drought stress and soil type on nodule activities of Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet (Kashrangeeg)

Lablab purpureus(50 cultivars throughout the world) is a drought-tolerant legume widely grown as a high-protein grain food and forage legume within a wide range of neotropical regions with extensive production in India and similar climatic areas of Asia, Africa, Central and South America. The objective of this work was to study the nitrogen-fixing potentialities of L. purpureus under the effects of the extreme environmental conditions prevailing in the southern part of Egypt aiming at the recommendation of its propagation in areas of the National giant projects.L. purpureusinoculated with Rhizobium sp. Strain I₄ (21 days after planting) grown on Nile valley and Wadi Allaqi soils was relatively tolerant to mild levels of salinity, but the nodule number was reduced to about 35% of the control plants when subjected to a high salt level (120mM NaCl). Lablab plants were similarly affected by different rates of water deficits. This legume was tolerant to moderate levels of drought. The nodule number and weight at 50% of field capacity was about 70% of the control. These values were reduced to 45–55% at a field capacity of 16·5%.Absolute nitrogenase activity, leghaemoglobin content of nodules and protein content of bacteroids and cytosol were moderately affected by mild levels of NaCl and drought but significantly reduced to about 25–35% of the control treatments.The results also indicate that plants grown on the soil of Nile Valley exhibited slightly higher values (nitrogenase, protein, etc.) than those grown on Wadi Allaqi soil. This would encourage the possibility of propagating L. purpureus in the newly reclaimed areas of southern Egypt.