Sources and sinks of sea salt in a newfoundland blanket bog

Over an oceanic peatland, the concentration of Na in fog averaged 38.1 mgl^?1 compared with 1.8 mgl^?1 in rain, resulting in a significant flux of mineral elements to the surface. Between 16 May and 20 June 1990 the average mass flux of Na to the bog surface by fog, rain, and dry deposition was 21.9, 10.4 and 7.0 mg m^?2 d^?1. There was little long-term storage of Na within the peatland system, where Na losses measured in stream runoff averaged 34.8 mg m² d^?1, and deep groundwater losses 4 mg m^?2 d^?1. Calcium and Mg were preferentially retained in the organic soil, whereas K was relatively mobile. Potassium tended to become concentrated in the unsaturated zone. Stream runoff had a consistently higher pH than groundwater, corresponding to higher Ca and Mg concentrations, which may have been from mineral sources in the headwater ponds. Otherwise, the stream water chemistry was closely related to groundwater in the upper layers of the peat deposit.     

Changes in soils and vegetation in a Mediterranean coastal salt marsh impacted by human activities

This paper reports changes in vegetation distribution and species cover in relation to soil factors and hydrology in a semiarid Mediterranean salt marsh adjacent to the Mar Menor saline lagoon. Species cover, soil salinity, and the groundwater level were monitored between 1991 and 1993 and between 2002 and 2004, and total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrates, ammonium and exchangeable phosphorus were measured in the soils in both study periods. In addition, three soil profiles were described in August 1992 and August 2004. The results indicate an elevation of the water table throughout the 13-year period, which was attributable to water flowing from areas with intensive agriculture. Flooding increased and soil salinity dropped in the most saline sites and increased in the least saline ones. The morphology of the soil profiles reflected the increase in flooding periods, due to the appearance of a greyer matrix in the deeper horizons and a more diffuse pattern of Fe mottles. Following these environmental changes, Sarcocornia fruticosa, Phragmites australis and Juncus maritimus strongly expanded at the wettest sites, which led to the disappearance of the original zonation pattern. The cover of Limonium delicatulum, in turn, decreased with the increase in moisture but increased following the increase in salinity. Changes in soil nutrients were only very evident in the sandy soils of the beach, probably due to the influence of organic debris deposited on the shoreline by the storms and due to the strong increase in the colonisation of this habitat by perennial species. According to the results obtained, control measures are needed in order to preserve habitat diversity in this and other salt marshes of this area. Monitoring of the vegetation distribution could be a useful tool to identify environmental impacts, in order to implement remedial actions.     

湿地旅游可持续发展研究

湿地以其独具特色的自然和文化景观为湿地旅游提供了有利条件。本文在可持续发展思想的基础上提出了湿地旅游这一概念，分析了湿地旅游发展与湿地环境保护之间的关系；针对湿地生物多样性、景观多样性、文化多样性等特点对湿地的旅游价值作了进一步的探讨，提出了湿地旅游可持续发展的几点对策。     

黑龙江省湿地资源遥感信息解译分析

按黑龙江省湿地分类标准，应用资源卫星遥感技术，建立湿地资源解译标准，判别分析全省湿地资源现状与区域分布。     

乌拉苔草光合速率日变化及日同化量

乌拉苔草沼泽是长白山沟谷湿地的重要类型 ,对其光合速率研究的结果表明 ,乌拉苔草光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线 ,最高峰出现在 1 0时 ,最大值是 1 8.0 7μmol(CO2 ) / (m2 ·s) ;与其该群落伴生的修氏苔草光合速率日变化出现“午休”现象。影响光合速率最大的环境因素是光量子通量密度和叶温 ,呈极显著的正相关 ,其他因素亦多呈正相关 ,环境因子综合影响了乌拉苔草的光合日进程。乌拉苔草光合作用的日总同化量为 1 896 0 1 .2 μmol(CO2 ) /m2 ,是光合能力较强的一种沼泽植物     

人类活动对乌梁素海湿地环境演变的影响分析

乌梁素海是我国半荒漠地区具有很高生态价值和社会效益的大型多功能湖泊湿地[1],是黄河流域最大的淡水湖泊,也是内蒙古河套灌区唯一的承泄途径.乌梁素海的补给水源主要包括含高N,P的农田退水,工业废水以及生活污水,这些退水及废污水的排入使得湿地环境发生着重大的变化.本文在收集1986-2004年19年间Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像数据的基础上,结合乌梁素海历史资料,分析了80年代以来人类活动对湿地环境的影响,这种影响主要体现在人工芦苇面积不断扩大,富营养化程度逐年增高,水生资源迅速减少等方面,尽管2003年以来"引黄入海"工程的实施某种程度上缓解了湿地环境恶化的进程,但湿地环境仍然面临严重的威胁.     

黑麦草在净化富营养化水的人工湿地生态工程中的作用

在人工湿地生态工程中利用黑麦草(Lolium perenne L．)净化污水，得到了较好的效果。结果表明：利用黑麦草在冬春季节的生长，可使亚热带地区人工湿地常年运行，黑麦草在3—4月份对水体就有明显的净化作用。在春夏季节，特别在5月份黑麦草可以获得较高的生物量和N、P的积累量，因而净化贡献最大。从产草量方面考虑，延长黑麦草的生长期能获得较高的生物量；从植物体所含营养物质状况和饲用价值看，增加收割次数的黑麦草N、P含量高，饲用价值高；但从黑麦草对污水中N、P的吸收和积累量方面考虑，收割次数过高则不利于黑麦草对污水的净化及N、P的累积。从上述几方面综合考虑，在黑麦草整个生长期收割次数以2．3次为宜。     

异龙湖流域湿地生态系统健康评价

湿地生态系统健康状况评价为湿地资源的合理开发、生态系统的维护提供了重要的借鉴。在充分了解异龙湖流域湿地资源环境的基础上,结合湖泊湿地生态系统的概念及内涵,采用PSR(压力-状态-响应)框架模型和生态系统健康指数计算方法对研究区湿地生态系统健康状况进行评价。结果表明:(1)异龙湖流域湿地生态系统健康评价综合分值(Y)为2.8494,处于[2,3]之间,属于脆弱状态;(2)从三大指标状况来看,压力指标(P)、状态指标(S)和响应指标(R)在评价等级中的得分及表现情况分别为0.7368(脆弱状态)、1.1620(亚健康状态)和0.9506(亚健康状态);(3)人口密度、人类活动强度、单位面积化肥和农药负荷、水土流失强度、湖泊水富营养化、人们的环保意识等指标是影响流域内湿地生态系统健康状况的关键因素,人为因素占主导地位。     

三江平原毛果苔草湿地CH4排放研究

用密闭不透明箱 -气相色谱法对三江平原毛果苔草湿地进行了近两年的观测研究 ,结果表明 :三江平原毛果苔草湿地全年甲烷排放通量有着明显的季节变化 ,在非冰冻期 (5～ 10月 )CH4通量范围在 4 .6 4～ 2 1.4 8mg·m-2 ·h-1之间 ,平均值为 11.15mg·m-2 ·h-1;冰冻期 (11月到次年 4月 )CH4通量范围在 0 .4 6～ 4 .30mg·m-2 ·h-1之间 ,平均值是 1.6 9mg·m-2 ·h-1。经估算 ,三江平原毛果苔草湿地全年CH4排放总量为 0 .2 32 4Tg/a-1。     

基于DEM的洪泛平原湿地数字水系提取研究

为了研究探索洪泛平原湿地区域基于DEM的地表水要素数字特征,采用ArcGIS9.0的Hydro Arc Tools模块,配合改进升值裂开算法编制的程序在三江平原洪河保护区1:1万比例尺的DEM基础上进行了数字水系提取研究,将研究区划分为6个数字集水区,提取出以沃绿兰河-浓江河为主的数字河网,以及大小82处泡沼和洼地。研究表明,在保持高精度DEM前提下,数字地表水系统可以通过基于DEM自动提取出来,但是存在河道偏移以及河网形态失真等问题,需要在进行数字提取前后进行多次修正。在DEM数字高程预处理过程中保持高程信息的水文特征不丢失,以及发展专业处理平坦区域和低洼地域的有效算法,将是进一步提高洪泛平原湿地区域数字水系提取效率和精度的关键。