垃圾焚烧灰治理垃圾渗滤液重金属污染的试验研究

通过垃圾焚烧灰对模拟垃圾渗滤液重金属废水的正交吸附实验研究,并讨论其对重金属吸附的一般规律及pH、加入量和振荡时间几个影响因素对吸附效果的影响.研究结果表明:在一定的pH、加入量和振荡时间下,垃圾焚烧灰对Pb、Ni、Cd、Mn、Zn、Cr有一定的吸附效果,最大吸附率分别可以达到100%、84.18%、96.74%、93.52%、99%、81.69%.焚烧灰对重金属的吸附能力表现为Pb＞Mn＞Cd＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr.各影响因素对重金属吸附效率的影响大小顺序表现为pH＞加入量＞振荡时间,pH值对吸附率的影响最大,为主要影响因素.     

Distribution of heavy metals in an incineration system of solid wastes in the Three-Gorges region of the Yangtze River

On the basis of investigations on the composition and contents of heavy metals in the domestic refuse in the Three-Gorges region of the Yangtze River, in combination with the experimental results, this paper deals with the distribution rule of heavy metals in the various compartments of an incineration system： leachate pool, fly ash and residue. It is concluded that in the leachate pool heavy metals should not be neglectable since about 30% of Pb and 10% of Cr are leached here; in the incineration system, above 74% of Cr, As and Pb exists in residue; above 96% of Hg exists in fly ash and the contents of Cd in fly ash are close to those of residue. It is also concluded that the physical conditions of incineration have a significant influence on the distribution of heavy metals in the incineration system.     

SZ36-1油田污水悬浮物无机组分研究

综合利用扫描电镜能谱分析、X-射线衍射仪等先进仪器对SZ36-1油田滤膜组分燃烧前后进行综合分析研究。通过分析无机组分中Fe、Ca等元素的变化规律,并结合现场水质监测数据,研究发现SZ36-1油田回注污水由CEP向AJ、平台输送过程中水质逐级恶化;同时污水由CEP到A平台再到J平台过程中,Fe原子百分比平均值依次为4.45%、13.03%、19.45%,Ca原子百分比平均值依次为4.33%、5.43%、5.66%。腐蚀、结垢现象逐渐加剧,是导致注水水质恶化的主要原因。     

垃圾焚烧灰治理垃圾渗滤液重金属污染的试验研究

通过垃圾焚烧灰对模拟垃圾渗滤液重金属废水的正交吸附实验研究,并讨论其对重金属吸附的一般规律及pH、加入量和振荡时间几个影响因素对吸附效果的影响.研究结果表明:在一定的pH、加入量和振荡时间下,垃圾焚烧灰对Pb、Ni、Cd、Mn、Zn、Cr有一定的吸附效果,最大吸附率分别可以达到100%、84.18%、96.74%、93.52%、99%、81.69%.焚烧灰对重金属的吸附能力表现为Pb>Mn>Cd>Zn>Ni>Cr.各影响因素对重金属吸附效率的影响大小顺序表现为pH>加入量>振荡时间,pH值对吸附率的影响最大,为主要影响因素.     

Tephrochronology of recent events in the Andean Range (northern Patagonia): spatial distribution and provenance of lacustrine ash layers in the Nahuel Huapi National Park

Tephrochronology is a powerful tool for dating sedimentary sequences, especially in Patagonia, where a large number of active volcanoes have produced frequent historical eruptions. Short lacustrine sedimentary sequences were extracted from the lakes Moreno Oeste and Ton?ek (Nahuel Huapi National Park). Seventeen volcanic ash layers were identified in both cores, ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs were used for dating techniques, and historical volcanic records were employed for correlation. White pumice and glass shards from the tephras were characterised by measuring major and trace element contents by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Two volcanic sources – the Cordón Caulle and the Calbuco volcanoes – were recognised as the prevailing systems that impacted the area in the past 800–1000 a. The Calbuco volcano was mainly responsible for the nine tephras identified in the Lake Ton?ek sequence. Four of these nine tephras also contained material from the Cordón Caulle complex, and could be interpreted as composite tephras or possible reworked ones. The Calbuco volcano showed predominant influences in the Lake Moreno Oeste sequence. Six of the eight tephras identified in such a sequence were from the Calbuco volcano, and three of these six contained material from the Cordón Caulle complex. The other two were from the Cordón Caulle complex, with contributions from the Calbuco volcano in one of them. These findings show that the high frequency of volcanic events in the study region demands an accurate characterisation of the products generated by each source, as well as an evaluation of their spatial distribution, to obtain a consistent framework for dating recent environmental changes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

污泥/煤流化床混烧底灰中的重金属毒性研究

研究了污泥与煤按不同质量比例混烧后,底灰中的重金属形态分布与浸出毒性.结果表明:30:70的泥煤比使底灰中重金属硫化物及有机态和残渣态所占比例最大,即生物无效部分比例最大;在浸出毒性实验中,30:70的泥煤比使底灰重金属浸出量最小.由此推出,对环境毒害程度最小的泥煤质量比为30:70,即该实验条件下最优泥煤质量比为30:70.     

Leaching Behavior of Fly Ashes from Power Plants

The Yanzhou mine district, located in southwestern Shandong Province, is about 1300 km2 with more than 8×109tons of proved coal reserves and there are 10 big power plants in this area. A large amount of coal ashes, which are regarded as waste materials, have been stockpiled in the area and have influenced the environment of the mine district. In this paper, analysis of fly ash samples from three power plants is carried out, the enrichment and concentration of trace elements, Pb, Zn, Cu and As, in coal ashes are analyzed, and petrological and mineralogical characteristics and chemical compositions of coal ashes are studied. The aim of this work is to provide basic scientific data for utilization of ashes and reduction of environmental pollutions.     

Sillimanite group minerals: a new promising raw material for the Russian aluminum industry

The raw-material base of the Russian aluminum industry is considered. The raw materials include common (bauxites, nepheline syenites) and uncommon (nepheline ores, synnyrites, anorthosites, power-and-heating plant ashes, kaolines) types of ores. With regard to many criteria (reserves and quality of ores, technology of their processing, etc.), the problem of alumina deficit can be solved by mining sillimanite group minerals Al₂SiO₅ (wt.%: Al₂O₃ = 62.9, SiO₂ = 37.1), namely, andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite. Their proved reserves converted to the final product (aluminum) exceed 400 mln tons. This will be enough for more than a hundred years provided that aluminum is produced in the present-day output (4 mln tons in 2008). Almost all deposits can be explored by strip mining, with application of the gravitation, flotation, and electromagnetic separation methods for ore dressing. The alumina content in concentrates reaches 60–62 wt.%. Only high-grade bauxites and the above concentration methods can ensure such a high yield of Al₂O₃. Sillimanite group minerals can be processed together with nepheline ores by sintering or be used for the direct electrothermal production of silumin and aluminum, excluding the alumina production stage. The latter method is the most promising in Russia.     

The influence of industrial immissions on the magnetic susceptibility of soils in upper Silesia

Summary Samples of metallurgical dusts and fly ashes from coal power plants and iron works in Upper Silesia as well as soil profiles in the close vicinity of these plants and in Ojcow National Park (ca. 25 km east of the industrial area) have been studied magnetically and mineralogically. The metallurgical dusts and fly ashes are highly enriched in ferromagnetic minerals. The topsoils from profiles collected near the plants have very high values of magnetic susceptibility while susceptibility in the fermentation and humic subhorizons in soil profiles from Ojcow National Park is considerably increased. The magnetic properties of the metallurgical dusts and fly ashes such as frequency dependence of susceptibility, saturation remanence or coercivity are similar to those observed in the top horizons of the soils. They are mostly related to the occurrence of large (multidomain) grains of non-stoichiometric magnetite ranging from 1 to 20 μm. The similarity of the magnetic particles in the soils is taken as evidence of an anthropogenic origin. They are responsible for the high soil susceptibilities in Upper Silesia and in adjacent areas. Some of the magnetic particles carry substantial quantitities of trace elements such as Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu. Field and laboratory susceptibility measurements can therefore be used as a simple and costeffective method of detecting the presence of heavy metals in the soils of this area.