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坡缕石是一种21型链层状结构含水富镁铝硅酸盐矿物,具有重要的资源和材料属性。不同成因、产状坡缕石八面体中类质同象替代有很大差别,而八面体类质同象替代对坡缕石性能的影响未见研究报道。本文以中国最具代表性的安徽明光、江苏盱眙、甘肃临泽坡缕石为研究对象,研究了三种坡缕石的Al、Mg、Fe含量及在八面体中的占位,并探讨了八面体的Al、Mg、Fe占位对坡缕石中水的种类和含量、表面电位和酸位以及对Pb2+、Cd2+吸附性能的影响。结果表明:明光坡缕石相对富镁,八面体主要被Mg2+占据,具有三八面体特征;盱眙、临泽坡缕石相对富铝、铁,八面体主要被Al3+占据,表现出更多的二八面体特征。盱眙坡缕石由于M1位置空位较多,结构水含量较低;坡缕石类质同象替代对Zeta电位影响不大;具有二八面体特征的盱眙、临泽坡缕石由于八面体中Al含量较高,酸位较多,催化性能较好。在重金属吸附实验中,明光坡缕石对Cd2+的吸附效果最好,盱眙坡缕石对Pb2+的吸附效果最好,临泽坡缕石吸附性能较差。本文可为坡缕石的改性和应用提供指导和参考。 相似文献
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Urban Seismic Risk Evaluation: A Holistic Approach 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
Risk has been defined, for management purposes, as the potential economic, social and environmental consequences of hazardous
events that may occur in a specified period of time. However, in the past, the concept of risk has been defined in a fragmentary
way in many cases, according to each scientific discipline involved in its appraisal. From the perspective of this article,
risk requires a multidisciplinary evaluation that takes into account not only the expected physical damage, the number and
type of casualties or economic losses, but also the conditions related to social fragility and lack of resilience conditions,
which favour the second order effects (indirect effects) when a hazard event strikes an urban centre. The proposed general
method of urban risk evaluation is multi hazard and holistic, that is, an integrated and comprehensive approach to guide decision-making.
The evaluation of the potential physical damage (hard approach) as the result of the convolution of hazard and physical vulnerability
of buildings and infrastructure is the first step of this method. Subsequently, a set of social context conditions that aggravate
the physical effects are also considered (soft approach). In the method here proposed, the holistic risk evaluation is based
on urban risk indicators. According to this procedure, a physical risk index is obtained, for each unit of analysis, from
existing loss scenarios, whereas the total risk index is obtained by factoring the former index by an impact factor or aggravating
coefficient, based on variables associated with the socio-economic conditions of each unit of analysis. Finally, the proposed
method is applied in its single hazard form to the holistic seismic risk evaluation for the cities of Bogota (Colombia) and
Barcelona (Spain). 相似文献
3.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(2):69-77
Abstract The interpretation of landscapes is an important way to learn about geography in environmental education. A Landscape Guide to the Bachelor Reserve applies geographic/historical and biological/ecological perspectives to the interpretation of ten landscape scenes along a three-mile walking tour. For each scene, the guide describes the environmental setting, the composition and structure of the vegetation, and the history of human influences. Questionnaire and field assessments document a well-received interpretive tool, and the need to guide participants across land transitions and interpret land use history clearly. Landscape guides can be used in school/community land labs and contribute to holistic learning and multidisci-plinary exercises in formal and informal environmental education programs. 相似文献
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在大数据时代,简单高效经济安全的数据存储成为信息技术化的地质工作发展的必然趋势。针对未来大数据访问和共享服务,以城市地质信息化建设为对象,分析了现有架构形式,阐述了城市地质信息化管理的IT基础架构规划和整体解决方案,以促进信息技术化的发展与应用。 相似文献
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天然叶蜡石及其热处理产物的电子顺磁共振(EPR)研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
利用EPR研究了18个天然叶蜡石样及其4个热处理产物。发现天然叶蜡石有三个EPR吸收带:A(g有效≈11.4),B(g有效≈4.3)和C(g有效≈2.0),其中A是叶蜡石的特征谱。A在>400℃热处理时与B在强度上呈消长关系;<400℃热处理时A和B均随温度升高而加强;900℃时A消失,B的强度远远大于原样中的A;C附有超精细结构谱(g″=2.04,g┴=1.96,A″≈A┴=19.5×10^-4T),C在热处理时呈现复杂的变化。结果表明,A吸收带属于叶蜡石八面体AI(Fe)-O4(OH)2中的Fe^3 ,B吸收带归于八面体AI(Fe)-O2(OH)4中的Fe^3 ,C吸收带是无机自由基(如AI-O^-Si)和有机自由基的叠加谱;900℃热处理后八面体层中配位发生了变化:AI(Fe)-O4(OH2)→AI(Fe)-O5 H2O↑,AI(Fe)-O2(OH)4→AI(Fe)-O4 H2O↑;类质同象置换AI^3 的不仅有Fe^3 ,而且有Fe^2 离子。 相似文献
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利用电子探针对滇西剑川的二龙和满元两个地区苦橄玢岩和苦橄质堆晶岩中的单斜辉石进行了详细的矿物学研究,结果表明绝大多数单斜辉石属于普通辉石,具有贫硅、贫碱、高钙和低氧逸度的特征。在单斜辉石形成过程中,阳离子间普遍发生类质同像替代。单斜辉石温压计算结果显示,二龙和满元苦橄玢岩的形成温度(1 324~1 428℃)和压力(1.5~2.9 GPa)明显低于满元苦橄质堆晶岩的温度(1 439~1 462℃)和压力(3.0~3.2 GPa),二龙和满元苦橄玢岩的形成深度也比满元苦橄质堆晶岩的深度(99~106 km)浅,整体看来,剑川苦橄玢岩形成的温度和压力较高,来源较深,可能是软流圈沿断裂带上涌导致上地幔部分熔融的结果,也可能是地幔柱活动所导致。 相似文献
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In order to set up a conceptual data model that reflects the real world as accurately as possible, this paper firstly reviews and analyzes the disadvantages of previous conceptual data models used by traditional GIS in simulating geographic space, gives a new explanation to geographic space and analyzes its various essential characteristics. Finally, this paper proposes several detailed key points for designing a new type of GIS data model and gives a simple holistic GIS data model. 相似文献
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AbstractThe Okavango River system flows through Angola, Namibia and Botswana. It is in near-natural condition and supports globally iconic wetlands and wildlife. The basin’s people are poor and development is inevitable: the next decade is critical. The river could become an example of responsible planning that resolutely addresses the three pillars of sustainable development. Recognizing this, the Member States completed a transboundary diagnostic analysis (TDA) in 2010 funded by the three governments and the Global Environment Facility. A central feature of the TDA was a basin-wide environmental flow assessment using the DRIFT (Downstream Response to Imposed Flow Transformation) holistic approach. This produced scenarios of increasing water resource use that spelled out the costs and benefits in terms of the health of the river ecosystem, associated social structures and local and national economies. The results were used to help create a transboundary strategic action programme, which the Member States are now beginning to act on. This article describes the DRIFT application, the findings and how these could be used to help achieve sustainable development.
Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Guest editor M. AcremanCitation King, J., Beuster, H., Brown, C., and Joubert, A., 2014. Pro-active management: the role of environmental flows in transboundary cooperative planning for the Okavango River system. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (3–4), 786–800. 相似文献