祁连山亚高山灌丛林叶面积指数与冠层氮、磷的关系

氮和磷作为植物体内重要的生命元素,在植物群落的生长发育过程中发挥着重要的作用。为了明确祁连山亚高山灌丛林叶面积指数与冠层氮、磷之间的关系,本文通过对祁连山亚高山灌丛林不同植被类型(箭叶锦鸡儿、高山吉拉柳、金露梅)及不同放牧处理(羊群、牦牛,未放牧)条件下灌丛群落的叶面积指数(LAI)与叶片氮积累量(TFN)、叶片磷积累量(TFP)比较发现,在整个亚高山灌丛群落中,LAI与TFN和TFP之间都有较强的相关性,并且TFN和TFP比值的变化表明不同植被类型叶片的生长都受到N、P的共同限制,只是随着LAI的增加,高山吉拉柳主要受到氮素的限制,箭叶锦鸡儿主要受到磷素的限制,而金露梅则受到N、P的共同限制;在不同放牧条件下,单位面积LAI对应的TFN的值较高而TFP的值较低,说明动物通过对植被的啃食可能会改变群落的模式,在一定程度上限制磷的摄入。LAI、N、P之间的耦合关系表明了亚高山灌丛群落的LAI在物种组成、放牧和冠层密度上存在差异,但仍然受到N和P的约束。研究结果有利于探索水分限制条件下祁连山灌丛林生态系统植物叶片与养分元素之间关系,对于研究干旱区高寒灌丛生态系统在全球气候变化中的作用及其对全球气候变化的响应与反馈,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

Spatial patterns and environmental factors influencing leaf carbon content in the forests and shrublands of China

Leaf carbon content (LCC) is widely used as an important parameter in estimating ecosystem carbon (C) storage, as well as for investigating the adaptation strategies of vegetation to their environment at a large scale. In this study, we used a dataset collected from forests (5119 plots) and shrublands (2564 plots) in China, 2011–2015. The plots were sampled following a consistent protocol, and we used the data to explore the spatial patterns of LCC at three scales: plot scale, eco-region scale (n = 24), and eco-region scale (n = 8). The average LCC of forests and shrublands combined was 45.3%, with the LCC of forests (45.5%) being slightly higher than that of shrublands (44.9%). Forest LCC ranged from 40.2% to 51.2% throughout the 24 eco-regions, while that of shrublands ranged from 35% to 50.1%. Forest LCC decreased with increasing latitude and longitude, whereas shrubland LCC decreased with increasing latitude, but increased with increasing longitude. The LCC increased, to some extent, with increasing temperature and precipitation. These results demonstrate the spatial patterns of LCC in the forests and shrublands at different scales based on field-measured data, providing a reference (or standard) for estimating carbon storage in vegetation at a regional scale.     

Fire Danger Monitoring Using ERS-1 SAR Images in the Case of Northern Boreal Forests

Research was carried out to assess the potential of imaging radar systems formonitoring forest fire danger. In Canada, daily forest fire danger ratings are generated by the Canadian ForestFire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS), based on estimates of fire weather indices (FWI) and measured foliar moisturecontent (FMC). To evaluate the potential of imaging radar, an experiment was conducted using test sitesconsisting of jack pine, black spruce and white spruce stands located in the MacKenzie river basin, NorthwestTerritories, Canada. Radar image intensity values from ERS-1 SAR imagery collected over these stands in 1994 werecompared to FWI indices and FMC data. FWI indices were calculated using data from local weather stations.Seasonal trends in radar backscatter (⁰) were shown to correlate with temperature and precipitation. Significant relationships were found between ⁰ and FWI codes and indices, particularly in thecase of the black spruce stands, with slow-drying fuels, like duff moisture code (DMC), drought code (DC), and build-upindex (BUI). Rates of changes in ⁰were related to rates of changes in FMC, particularly in the case ofthe jack pine stands for old FMC and in the case of white spruce stands for composite FMC.     

亚热带人工针叶林冠层叶氮浓度的星载高光谱遥感能力评估(英文)

冠层叶片氮浓度(CNC)是影响森林生态系统生产力的重要参数之一。本研究探讨了星载成像光谱遥感在估测亚热带红壤丘陵区人工针叶林CNC的表现。分析包括了星载成像光谱数据(Hyperion影像)覆盖的两条样带上的57个野外样方,并将其分为三个子集(A-C)。利用一元回归和偏最小二乘回归方法分析了CNC与成像光谱信息之间的关系。在A-C子集中,CNC与近红外反射率(NIR)之间的相关性一致都呈现显著的正相关关系(R2=0.29,0.33和0.36,P0.05或P0.01)。另外,我们利用归一化的氮指数(NDNI)估计森林CNC的变异。在3个子集中,NDNI与CNC都呈现极显著的正相关关系,但相关性不高(R2=0.38,0.20和0.17,P0.01)。然后利用偏最小二乘方法分析了CNC与整个成像光谱数据(反射率、对数变换和一阶导数变换)之间的相关性,对于各个子集相关性不同且相对微弱。在分析已有数据和对比前人文献基础上,文章分析了影响成像光谱遥感森林CNC的可能原因,并指出研究区人工针叶林单一的冠层结构可能减弱了该地区森林CNC与成像光谱信息之间的相关关系。     

基于减小叶片水分影响的湿地芦苇氮浓度高光谱反演研究

以盘锦双台河口湿地国家级自然保护区作为研究区,采用基于bootstrap的偏最小二乘回归模型（PLSR）,分别构建不同光谱变换技术（包括光谱水分影响减小技术WR、包络线去除CR、光谱一阶微分FD、光谱倒数的对数LR）和原光谱数据（R）的芦苇叶片氮浓度预测模型。使用变量投影重要性指标VIP,计算了各光谱波段在估算芦苇叶片氮浓度时的重要性。研究结果表明,WR光谱变换技术的芦苇叶片氮浓度估算精度最高（R²=0.87,均方根误差=0.57）,该方法可以有效减小叶片水分的影响,增强鲜叶片光谱中细微的氮吸收特征。     

青藏高原不同生境中祁连圆柏叶片δ13C变化及其与环境和树高的关系

以分布于青藏高原东北缘的优势乔木祁连圆柏为研究对象,分析了叶片δ¹³C值变化及其与树高、土壤含水量、降雨量和叶片碳氮含量的关系.研究结果表明:研究区祁连圆柏叶片δ¹³C值的变化范围为-28.58‰~-23.95‰,平均值为-25.66‰,变化幅度为4.63‰,而同一生境不同个体之间的变化幅度为2.69‰和2.93‰,说明祁连圆柏叶片δ¹³C值的变化是植物自身遗传特性与环境因子共同作用的结果.叶片δ¹³C值与树高呈明显的负相关关系(p<0.01),并且这种关系不随采样位点的不同而改变;与叶片C和N含量不相关,而与土壤含水量和年平均降水量显著负相关(p<0.001).     

Could Ornamental Plants Serve as Passive Biomonitors in Urban Areas?

A search for cheap and efficient method to monitor atmospheric particulates in city centres has raised new interest to measure foliar element concentrations after the role of particulate pollution for respiratory illnesses was discovered. Leaf samples of Golden dewdrop (Duranta repens L.) collected in Palermo (South of Italy) between 1998 and 2000 were analysed to study the possible use of this shrub as a passive biomonitor for atmospheric pollution in urban areas. Concentrations of Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb and Zn were determined from leaf samples collected from six sampling sites representing either (a) areas of high traffic density or (b) areas not directly affected by the city traffic (e.g. gardens). Most of the elements showed a significant temporal variation but no consistent trends could be seen, i.e. the highest (or lowest) values were not detected consistently at some particular time of the year. Furthermore temporal changes were of same magnitude in polluted versus less polluted areas; no statistically significant interaction between pollution level and collection period was detected. Pollution level (traffic density) was the primary factor to explain spatial variation only in the case of foliar Mg concentrations. On the other hand, variation in foliar concentrations between sampling sites (irrespective of the pollution level) was large. Our results suggest that particulate deposition needs to be quite high before spatial segregation can be done on the basis of foliar element concentrations.     

山东淄博地区晚石炭世和早二叠世植物群显示的古气候条件

山东淄博地区晚石炭世和早二叠世植物群由37属104种组成。本文在研究植物群组成和叶相特征的基础上,采用形态功能分析和现实主义类比的方法,论证了植物群所显示的古气候条件。分析结果表明,淄博植物群显示的古气候晚石炭世和早二叠世年均温约为25℃,年较差3℃左右,有效温度为22℃,指示热带气候,类似现代热带雨林的气候条件。     

荒漠植物雾冰藜和沙米叶片对凝结水响应的模拟实验

通过模拟凝结水实验,研究了荒漠被毛植物雾冰藜和无毛植物沙米的叶片是否吸收凝结水。试验设计无模拟凝结水、偶尔发生凝结水以及频繁发生凝结水3个处理,每个处理又分干旱条件和人工浇水两组控制试验,研究了模拟凝结水对雾冰藜和沙米枝条相对含水量、水势、净光合速率、气孔导度、基径、地上和地下生物量的影响。结果表明,对于被毛植物雾冰藜而言,模拟凝结水显著提高了人工浇水和干旱条件下的气孔导度和地上生物量,仅提高了干旱条件下植株的水势、相对含水量、净光合速率以及地下生物量;而对于植株的基径有较小的效应。对于无毛植物沙米而言,模拟凝结水对两种水分条件下的枝条相对含水量、水势、净光合速率、气孔导度、基径、地上和地下生物量影响不大。因此,有毛植物雾冰藜的叶片可以吸收凝结水,并且其植株的光合作用、水分关系以及其生长都会对凝结水的发生产生响应,而无毛植物沙米叶片不吸收凝结水。