中国-俄罗斯原油管道工程(漠河-大庆段)冻土工程地质考察与研究进展

在2005-2007年期间,先后3次对中国-俄罗斯原油管道漠河-大庆段沿线的冻土工程地质条件等进行科学考察,开展了冻土工程地质条件及其在气候变化和人类活动作用下的评价和预测研究.考察研究结果表明:管道沿线多年冻土在各类融区、季节冻土和水系等分隔作用下呈片状或岛状分布,沿线岛状、稀疏岛状及零星岛状占多年冻土区段的40%左右;管道沿线多年冻土随着气候的转暖和人类活动的影响不断退化.地形地貌单元、植被分布、地表水分条件的变化等局部因素对多年冻土的分布和地下冰的赋存产生重要的影响,管道沿线大约分布有50 km左右的沼泽湿地,其表层为腐殖质土及泥炭层,泥炭层下面分布着含土冰层或地下冰,是管道沿线最差的冻土工程地质地段;由于中俄原油管道沿线水系发育多,冻胀丘、冰椎和冰幔等不良冻土现象广泛分布.科学考察的成果为管道沿线冻土工程地质条件评价和预测、管道的稳定性影响分析以及后期的长期检测系统设置等研究奠定坚实的基础,进一步为即将开工的中俄原油管道漠河-大庆段工程的设计、施工提供科学依据.     

鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区近地表油气化探研究

通过对研究区化探指标组合关系、受影响因素的影响程度、区域地球化学变化规律与油气的关系及油气化探效果分析,建立鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区寻找天然气的有效化探方法和指标组合系列,依此进行全区背景分析和异常优选。通过剖析杭锦旗地区区域地球化学背景,突出地球化学指标在空间上的展布规律,从而揭示异常与油气间的内在联系。指出本区油气化探指标丰度及变异特征属低背景非均匀场范畴;在烃类分异特征上,本区地球化学场具有南北分区的特点:南侧烃类以微渗漏为主,北侧逐步向宏渗漏过渡,表明地球化学场与油气运移聚集关系密切,证实了本区具有较充足的气源。在化探指标的浓度分布特征上,本区存在北西西—南东东向的伊深1井及其以北区域、泊尔江海子断裂及其以南区域两个高值带,展布受乌兰格尔隆起及泊尔江海子断裂控制。从异常的分布特征,指出伊21井—伊10井—伊17井—乌兰吉林庙以南为有利勘探区带,泊尔江海子断层以南的伊金霍洛旗—合同庙—小乌兰敖包—拉不仍为研究区最有利勘探区带。     

Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world

Abstract

Cultures throughout the world are associating with the rivers. People depend upon the rivers and their tributaries for food, water, transport, and many other aspects of their daily lives. Unfortunately, human beings have not calculated the accurate lengths for the great rivers even today. The lengths of the rivers are very different in popular textbooks, magazines, atlases and encyclopedias, etc. To accurately determine the lengths of the principal rivers of the world, the combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions is proposed in this paper. The lengths of the Nile, Amazon, Yangtze, Mississippi, Yellow, Ob, Yenisey, Amur, Congo and Mekong, with lengths over or close to 5000 km, were calculated using the proposed method. The results may represent the most reliable and accurate lengths of the principal rivers of the world that are currently achievable.     

北黄海盆地地质构造特征及其在油气勘探中的意义

通过对近年来在北黄海盆地的油气勘探认识的总结,结合区域地质研究成果,从盆地的基底结构、地质结构和主要构造类型等方面对北黄海盆地的地质构造特征进行了分析。提出北黄海盆地是在前中生代结晶基底之上发展起来的,盆地经历了走滑拉分(J3-K1)、断陷(E2-E3)、拗陷(N—Q)3次主要的沉降作用过程,形成了下、中、上3个构造层,在盆地内发育了断裂、褶皱和潜山3种基本构造类型。盆地的这种构造特征为盆地内油气的生成运聚提供了物质基础和边界条件,特别是晚侏罗世—早白垩世由于走滑拉分形成的下构造层具有较好的生烃物质基础,同时还有良好的圈闭发育条件,后期的构造改造也有利于油气的生成聚集,应是北黄海盆地的主要勘探对象。     

Tropicality,the unruly Atlantic and social utopias: the French explorer Henri Coudreau (1859 − 1899)

This paper addresses the works of Henri Coudreau, a little‐known French explorer of Guiana and Amazonia who was later forgotten by the ‘heroic’ histories of exploration because of his unruliness and nonconformist attitudes. Drawing on the literature of postcolonialism and tropicality as well as on recent studies of anti‐colonialist geographies, I address for the first time Coudreau's geography from the perspective of anarchist and critical thinking. My main argument is that Coudreau's work is a further example of the complexity and heterogeneity of the European intellectual field during the imperial age. Despite having come of age intellectually among all the European racist and ethnocentric prejudices of his day, Coudreau developed a different outlook thanks to two factors, viz., his personal experience in living for years with the indigenous communities of Amazonia, and his exposure to anarchist anti‐colonialist ideas through his collaboration with Elisée Reclus. Coudreau's tropical utopia of an independent Amazonia, and his endorsement of the stateless nature of local communities, ran counter to French imperial politics, occasioning Coudreau's dismissal from the French administration and his professional exile in Brazil at the time of the Franco‐Brazilian border dispute (1897?1900).     

Historical space psychology: Early terrestrial explorations as Mars analogues

The simulation and analogue environments used by psychologists to circumvent the difficulties of conducting research in space lack many of the unique characteristics of future explorations, especially the mission to Mars. This paper suggests that appropriate additional analogues would be the multi-year maritime and terrestrial explorations that mapped the surface of the Earth in previous centuries. These, like Mars, often involved a hazardous trek through unknown territory, flanked by extended, dangerous voyages to and from the exploration sites. Characteristic issues included interpersonal relationships under prolonged stress, stretches of boredom interspersed with intense work demands, the impossibility of rescue, resupply, or other help from home, chronic danger, physical discomfort and lack of privacy, and the crucial role of the leader. Illustrative examples of one important factor, leadership style, are discussed. The examination of such expeditions can help to identify the psychological stressors that are likely to be experienced by Mars explorers, and can also indicate countermeasures to reduce the damaging impact of those stressors.     

高分辨三极电测深法探测煤矿突水构造

介绍了矿井高分辨率三极电测深法在探测煤矿巷道底板突水构造中的施工技术和资料解释方法。其探测结果表明,该方法是探测煤矿突水构造的一种行之有效的物探方法。      

海沟金矿区28号含金石英脉勘探历程

海沟金矿区28号含金石英脉由于它的形态、产状、品位等变化大、成矿后断裂破坏等原因,先后经历了5次勘探工作才基本上搞清了它的总体特征。本文通过介绍各阶段的勘探工作概况,总结勘探工作中存在的问题以及经验教训,指出勘探工作中的综合研究工作的重要性。     

月球探测计划中影像数据的格式

月球影像数据是研究月球的地貌、地表形态,绘制全月地形图以及进行各种相关科学研究的基础.早期的Lunar orbiter,Apollo,Surveyor基本是以模拟影像格式传回地球,经过扫描后以照片形式发布.Clementine 的数据是通过PDS中心,以PDS的形式发布的.影像数据的保存与发布格式应遵循以下原则：数据格式要便于经常更新和补充;能够在各种平台和各不同目的使用人群中方便地使用;要符合国际标准,方便处理,能够与以前多次探测计划得到的数据结合使用.为中国嫦娥工程的影像数据格式提出建议.     

东海油气勘探开发现状和展望

本文总结了地矿部上海海洋地质调查局在东海油气勘探中取得的成果，对新形势下的油气勘探开发提出了设想和建议。