Regionalization for large area crop estimates by remote sensing

The crop estimates by remote sensing, developing quickly in recent decades, is a up-to-date technique. Regionalization for large area crop estimates by remote sensing, a special applied regionalization, is the foundation of crop estimates in a large area by remote sensing. According to the actual demands of wheat yield estimation by remote sensing and wheat agroclimatic demarcation of China, this paper first puts forward some principles upheld in this regionalization and analyses its main bases. Secondly, it works out the classificatory schemes about the optimum temporal for estimating wheat yield by remote sensing, information sources of space remote sensing and landuse structure in China. Finally, According to the regionalization indices, this study divides the wheat plantable region of China into 14 regions of crop yield estimates and 31 subregions of crop yield estimates.     

Geostatistical regionalization of glacial aquitard thickness in northwestern Germany, based on fuzzy kriging

In many instances hydrogeological parameters obtained by conventional methods for selected localities within an aquifer or an aquitard are not sufficient for adequate regionalization at the scale of the entire layer. Here, we demonstrate an application of the fuzzy kriging method in regionalization of hydrogeological data, in which the set of conventional, crisp values is supplemented by imprecise information subjectively estimated by an expert. It is believed that such an approach eventually may reflect the real-world conditions more closely than a traditional crisp-value approach, because the former does not impose exactness artificially on phenomena which are diffuse by their nature. Spatial interpolation was done for the thickness of one of the major aquitards (till and glaciolacustrine clay) in northwestern Germany. The dataset consists of 329 crisp values from boreholes supplemented by 172 imprecise values defined as fuzzy numbers. It is demonstrated that the reliability of regionalization was higher, compared to regionalization performed with the crisp dataset only. Fuzzy kriging was performed with FUZZEKS (Fuzzy Evaluation and Kriging System) developed at the Ecosystem Research Center at the University of Kiel.     

四川地质遗迹区划研究

《四川省地质遗迹景观调查评价》项目根据四川地质遗迹景观的空间分异和区域地质地貌特征,划分出四大地质遗迹区,再以其分布规律,景观形成时间、空间和成因的关联性划分出20个地质遗迹分区和28个地质遗迹小区,从而建立了四川地质遗迹景观区划系统。     

基于卫星遥感的太湖蓝藻水华时空分布规律认识

由于大尺度水文模型和无资料区水文研究是当前国际水文研究的重点和难点,通过参数区域化方法来估计大尺度区域和无资料区的模型参数值成为了研究的热点之一将HBV模型应用于东江流域及其子流域,采用代理流域法和全局乎均法来估计该区域内无资料流域的模型参数研究表明：HBV模型能较好得用于东江流域径流模拟;交叉检验中,较小的序和ME值对应的参数,其转移效果不一定比较大的R^2和ME值对应的参数转移效果差;全局平均法中,面积权重平均值和泰森多边形插值后平均并不能明显改进子流域算术平均值估计无资料流域的模型参数的模拟结果;两者都能有效用于东江流域无资料流域的参数估计,且效果相差不大。     

于桥水库流域农业非点源磷污染控制区划研究

以于桥水库流域28个次级小流域作为区划对象,以影响该区域农业非点源磷污染的6个主要因子,包括降雨侵蚀力因子(R),土壤可蚀性因子(K),地形因子(LS),植被覆盖因子(C)以及土壤有效磷含量(SAP)和化肥磷施用量(FP),作为区划因子,采用系统聚类法进行区划,将于桥水库流域分为4类磷污染控制类型区,分析了各个类型区的生态环境特征、农业非点源磷污染特征和主要影响因子,提出相应的控制措施。为进一步进行更深入的研究提供科学依据。     

基于地貌分区的1990-2015年中国耕地时空特征变化分析

地形地貌通过分配地表水分和热量制约耕地的利用形式和成效,对耕地质量具有非常重要的决定意义,以地貌分区的视角研究中国耕地变化具有重要意义。根据1990-2015年中国6期土地利用空间数据和地貌分区数据,运用GIS空间叠加分析方法,分析中国耕地1990-2015年的面积变化和空间分布格局,进一步探讨不同地貌分区下的耕地新增与流失方向。结果表明,中国耕地面积略有增加,但总体变化不大,耕地面积从1990年的17715万hm²增加到2015年的17851万hm²,平均每年增加5.44万hm²,每年增幅仅为0.03%。耕地主要分布在平原地区,台地、丘陵次之;新增耕地主要来源为草地、林地和未利用地。东部平原低山丘陵区（I）耕地面积最大,而西北高中山盆地高原区（IV）耕地动态度明显高于其他地貌区。空间上呈现“南减北增,新增耕地的重心向西北移动”的特征。1990-2015年间,西北高中山盆地高原区（IV）和东部平原低山丘陵区（I）为耕地面积增长区,平均每年增加耕地面积分别为8.9万hm²和5.4万hm²;东南低山丘陵平原区（II）和西南中低山高原盆地区（V）为耕地面积减少区,平均每年减少耕地面积分别为5.9万hm²和2.8万hm²;而华北—内蒙东中山高原区（III）和青藏高原高山极高山盆地谷地区（VI）耕地面积几乎没有变化,平均每年变化仅为0.15 万hm²和0.06万 hm²。耕地流失主要发生在东部平原低山丘陵区（I）和东南低山丘陵平原区（II）,主要原因为城镇化进程加快带来的建设用地对优质耕地的大量占用;而新增耕地主要发生在西北高中山盆地高原区（IV）,多来自于对草地和未利用地的开垦。     

中国综合气候变化风险区划

气候变化作用于自然环境与社会经济系统,产生一系列影响。随着未来社会经济发展,气候变化危险性与自然环境和社会经济承险体耦合形成有规律的风险时空格局。将此时空格局系统化表达即是综合气候变化风险区划,是适应气候变化的科学基础之一。本文基于RCP 8.5下的近中期（2021-2050年）气候情景,分析了中国未来气温和降水变化趋势与速率,评价了干旱、高温热浪以及洪涝等极端事件危险性,选取人口、经济、粮食生产和生态系统等承险体风险作为综合风险定量评估的指标。在系统性、主导因素以及空间连续性原则的指导下,提出中国综合气候变化风险区划三级区域系统方案,划分出8个气候变化敏感区、19个极端事件危险区和46个承险体综合风险区。结果发现：2021-2050年RCP 8.5情景下中国的气候变化高风险区主要包括：华北弱暖增雨敏感区,华北平原热浪危险区,人口经济粮食高风险区;华南—西南弱暖增雨敏感区,黔滇山地热浪危险区,生态经济粮食人口高风险区;华南沿海涝热危险区,生态粮食经济人口高风险区。中国综合气候变化风险区划涵盖了气候变化情景、极端事件发生、社会经济与生态系统的可能损失信息,可以为国家或地方应对气候变化及气候变化风险管理提供科技支撑。     

多层次格网模型的近邻指数聚类生态区划算法与实验——以新疆北部地区区划为例

在综合考虑气候、植被、地貌等凶素的基础上,提出一种基于多层次格网模型的最近邻指数-模糊聚类生态区域划分算法(Nearest Neighbor Index Fuzzy clustering,NNI-FIC).该算法采用"自下而上"的方式,首先,利用离散格网单元之间的严格相似性形成区划的核心分区;然后,通过最近邻指数统计分...     

Spatial correlation and ecological characteristics analysis of management area for biodiversity conservation and relevant regionalization

Formulation of different ecological zone plans according to the corresponding protection targets and the necessity of proper conservation policy is one of the measures to achieve the goal of ecological conservation in China.In order to clarify the interrelation among key ecological zone plans,this paper carried out the research on spatial relation of priority areas of biodiversity conservation and three key ecological areas（key ecological function areas,key regions of ecological service function,national nature reserves） and the research on ecological conditions,based on multi-scale ecological spatial theme information,which incorporates elements like ecologi-cal quality and type,and by the aid of spatial information analysis and GIS modeling.The results showed a contrastively fine spatial consistency with 68.8% of priority areas of biodiversity conservation overlapping with three key ecological areas.Although the envi-ronment in priority areas of biodiversity conservation were in good conditions,protection pressure is also increasing,powerful supervi-sion and protection should not be ignored.The environmental conditions in the overlapping areas,as a whole,were superior to those in the non-overlapping areas.Since two areas have different characteristics,targeted protection measures should be formulated based on this difference,which will be very important for biodiversity conservation in priority areas of biodiversity conservation.     

旅游资源非优区的园区化建设探讨——以吕梁山苍儿会旅游经济园区为例

旅游资源非优区主要是在资源质量及其开发条件等方面表现出"非优性"的特征.在区域发展中如果仍然沿用传统的旅游资源开发思路和方法,必然使区域旅游业处于市场竞争中的劣势.因此,对于该类型区域有必要探索出新的经济发展思路.从区域比较优势角度,旅游资源非优区的发展应以资源禀赋特征为基础,以旅游经济园区发展为主体,走产业多样化的道路.以吕梁山苍儿会生态旅游经济区为例,提出加快园区化建设的步伐,促进旅游经济与区域产业经济的良性互动,是避免片面强调旅游经济而抑制其它产业发展,以及促进区域可持续发展的根本战略选择.