ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN RUSSIA AND ESTONIA*

ABSTRACT. The use of e-mail by a grassroots activist group that straddles the Estonian-Russian border transcends political boundaries and provides ready connections to people in distant places. Activists create a perceived space of resistance in a supportive network that is stretched across space. This network of concern, defined by the physical space in which these activists work and by the strong communicative connections among them, was created to overcome continued environmental mismanagement and remove cultural barriers to cooperation. E-mail communication has enabled an ongoing influence on environmental policy in Estonia and Russia. This circumstance of a collaborative e-mail network created by grassroots activists to aid political work is a testament to how communication technology has expanded for the purpose of strengthening previously silenced voices in a regional and political context.     

Using Electronic Mail (E-mail) Surveys for Geographic Research: Lessons from a Survey of Russian Environmentalists*

The expansion of the Internet and e-mail access around the globe, especially into less-developed areas, raises the question of how geographers might use this technology for research purposes and the development of appropriate methodologies. This paper identifies three ways in which the use of e-mail surveys for geographic research differs from traditional mail surveys. First, there are substantial differences in selecting an appropriate sample population. Second, electronic medium considerations such as alphabet character translation, survey format, and receiving end conditions pose unique data collection challenges. Third, ascertaining that e-mail addresses to be included in a survey are operative is discussed as a useful means of maximizing the potential of an e-mail survey. Examples from an e-mail survey of environmentalists in Russia illustrate these points.     

ROUND ONE FOR HSGP: A REPORT ON ACCEPTANCE AND DIFFUSION

The expansion of the Internet and e-mail access around the globe, especially into less-developed areas, raises the question of how geographers might use this technology for research purposes and the development of appropriate methodologies. This paper identifies three ways in which the use of e-mail surveys for geographic research differs from traditional mail surveys. First, there are substantial differences in selecting an appropriate sample population. Second, electronic medium considerations such as alphabet character translation, survey format, and receiving end conditions pose unique data collection challenges. Third, ascertaining that e-mail addresses to be included in a survey are operative is discussed as a useful means of maximizing the potential of an e-mail survey. Examples from an e-mail survey of environmentalists in Russia illustrate these points.     

地质勘查综合统计信息网络管理系统的建立与应用

主要介绍了冶金地质勘查综合统计表（ＴＪＹＢ）系统的总体布局、功能特点及开发运行环境;着重论述了从数据采集、数据传输、数据处理到数据查询的全过程;并指出了系统的发展远景。     

Web Service 在安全电子邮件系统中的应用

利用以Web Service形式提供的PKI证书在线查询系统,通过自动、动态的查询证书库,在收发电子邮件的程序中集成了以PKI为基础的安全特性.此系统依靠CA中心提供的查询服务,实现了对电子邮件进行透明的加解密及签名和验证过程.     

Notes on a Program of Field Mapping for Undergraduates

Abstract

Atop the Urban Hierarchy by Robert A. Beauregard, ed. Totowa, NJ: Rowman &; Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 1989. xx and 304 pp., graphs, tables, maps, refs., and index. $36.50, cloth.

The Pageant of World History by Gerald Leinwand Needham Heights, MA: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1990. Text Book. 827 pp. ISBN 013–647975–8.

The Fate of the Forest: Developers, Destroyers and Defenders of the Amazon by Susanna Hecht and Alexander Cockburn New York, NY: Verso. 1989. Maps, glossary, biblio., index. 266 pp. ISBN 0–86091–2. $24.95, cloth.

A Place of Sense: Essays in Search of the Midwest by Michael Martone, ed. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press. 1988. Illustrations. 170 pp. ISBN 0–87745–217–2.

On Assignment National Geographic Society. 1990. Boardgame. $33.20.