黑北公路冻土路基设计原则及病害特征

依据位于小兴安岭地区的黑北公路沿线退化多年冻土特征，以及地质、水文、气候等工程环境条件，分析了黑北公路路基可能会发生的病害和发展过程，提出了适合于黑经公路的路基设计与病害防治措施，以便比选与优化退化型多年冻土地区的路基稳定性设计原则及结构形式，同时在路基设计形式和病害处理上提出了一些初步设想和建议。     

Physical parameters identification for full-scale ten-story reinforced concrete building with degrading tri-linear model by modal iterative error correction method

To assess the post-earthquake seismic safety of buildings, it is crucial to predict seismic response, and it is necessary to set the appropriate physical parameters of the response analysis model. Numerous methods have been proposed to identify physical parameters. However, most of them are limited to linear systems, and previous researches on nonlinear systems have difficulties in practical applications. In this paper, a nonlinear response analysis model is identified for a full-scale ten-story reinforced concrete building with the degrading tri-linear stiffness model by the modal iterative error correction (MIEC) method, and the accuracy of this technique is discussed by comparing with the shaking table test.     

Enhanced Biodegradation of High-Salinity and Low- Temperature Crude-Oil Wastewater by Immobilized Crude-Oil Biodegrading Microbiota

High salt and low temperature are the bottlenecks for the remove of oil contaminants by enriched crude-oil degrading microbiota in Liaohe Estuarine Wetland(LEW),China.To improve the performance of crude-oil removal,microbiota was further immobilized by two methods,i.e.,sodium alginate(SA),and polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate(PVA+SA).Results showed that the crude oil was effectively removed by the enrichment with an average degrading ratio of 19.42-31.45 mg(L d)^?1.The optimal inoculum size for the n-alkanes removal was 10%and 99.89%.Some members of genera Acinetobacter,Actinophytocola,Aquabac-terium,Dysgonomonas,Frigidibacter,Sphingobium,Serpens,and Pseudomonas dominated in crude-oil degrading microflora.Though the removal efficiency was lower than free bacteria when the temperature was 15℃,SA and PVA+SA immobilization im-proved the resistance to salinity.The composite crude-oil degrading microbiota in this study demonstrated a perspective potential for crude oil removal from surface water under high salinity and low temperature conditions.     

一株低温降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

从刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘环境中驯化分离筛选到1株低温有机物和氨氮降解菌株DB11。根据其形态特征、生理生化特性以及16S rDNA序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为马氏副球菌(Paracoccus marcusii)。经驯化,该菌株以刺参饵料为唯一营养源,低温(15℃)、低接种量(<5×10-3)条件下能同时高效降解饵料中的有机物和氨态氮,5 d时间内对富集培养基中COD和NH4+-N的降解率分别达50%和98%。进一步研究其降解特性表明,菌株生长适温15~30℃,生长适宜pH值为7~10,降解刺参饵料中COD和NH4+-N的最适温度条件为15~20℃、最适pH条件为8.0~8.5;在最适降解条件下、接种量为5×10-3时,对10~20 g/L高质量浓度的刺参饵料液中COD降解效果显著,3 d时间去除率达56.9%~65.7%,对1~20 g/L质量浓度的刺参饵料液中NH4+-N 3 d时间的去除率达91.7%~99.9%。     

塔里木盆地轮西地区奥陶系潜山油藏:一个海西期充注并降解的稠油油藏成藏实例分析

塔北隆起的轮西地区具有以裂缝、溶蚀裂缝和溶洞为主的下奥陶统潜山储集体,且继承型古隆起一直成为油气运移和聚集的指向区,因此具有较为优选的成藏地质条件。海西晚期是轮西地区稠油藏的主要成藏期,海西末期石炭-二叠系地层遭受强烈剥蚀使海西晚期聚集的奥陶系潜山原油降解,成为重质稠油油藏,并不受印支晚期至喜马拉雅期运动的影响。印支晚期之后Ⅰ级断裂活动停滞,使轮西地区奥陶系潜山以稠油为主的油藏基本上未受晚期油气充注的影响。对轮西奥陶系潜山油藏研究得到的重要启示是:应加强塔里木盆地克拉通地区早期成藏勘探潜力的认识。     

影响南极海洋石油烃低温降解菌希瓦氏菌NJ49生长和降解率的环境因素研究

以柴油为唯一碳源和能源,从南极海水海冰微生物资源库中筛选到一株石油烃低温降解菌希瓦氏菌NJ49,并对影响其生长和降解率的环境因素(pH、温度、盐度、营养盐和表面活性剂)进行了初步研究。结果表明:希瓦氏菌NJ49可作为低温海域石油烃污染生物修复的菌源,其生长和降解的最适条件为:初始pH7.5,温度15℃,盐度6%,摇瓶装量80ml,最佳氮源硝酸铵,最佳磷源为磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢二钾的混合物,添加表面活性剂可促进希瓦氏菌NJ49的生长和生物降解率。     

菌藻共固定化降解微囊藻毒素

研究了微囊藻毒素降解菌S3和椭圆小球藻L1共固定化后,对微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)的降解作用.结果表明,共固定化藻菌体系比单独固定化菌对MC-LR有更好的降解效果,共固定的藻可促进降解菌S3的生长.固定化细胞对毒素的降解能力较稳定,受环境温度和pH变化的影响较小,重复使用仍可维持较高的降解活性.     

海洋微生物对石油烃降解研究：Ⅱ.石油烃降解细菌对正烷烃的降解作用

报导使用气相色谱法测定石油烃降解细菌对柴油的正烷烃的降解作用。结果表明 ,石油烃降解细菌对正烷烃有明显的降解作用 ,混合菌株的降解率明显高于单菌株的降解率 ;在2 0℃的条件下 ,经过 2 1 d后 ,绝大部分的正烷烃被降解 ,总的降解率为 94.93% ,其中细菌的降解率为 75.67% ,理化降解率为 1 9.2 6% ;温度对正烷烃的降解率有明显的影响 ,温度在 1 0℃时 ,正烷烃降解速度较慢 ,在 2 0℃正烷烃的降解比 1 0℃快 ,在 35℃的条件下 ,正烷烃的降解速度最快。     

一株高效褐藻酸降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其发酵条件的优化

以褐藻酸钠为唯一碳源,从腐烂海带中筛选得到褐藻酸钠降解能力较强的菌株H4,经生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株属于交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas)。对菌株H4的发酵条件优化研究表明,H4的较优培养基组成为(w/v):褐藻酸钠0.6%、酵母粉0.5%、蛋白胨0.25%、NaCl 3%;较优培养条件为:培养温度28℃,初始pH7.5,接种量1.5%(v/v),培养时间48 h。Fe3+对交替单胞菌H4的产酶有明显的促进作用,这在其他褐藻酸裂解酶生产菌株中未见报道,而Cu2+对褐藻酸裂解酶的抑制作用高达45.78%。在优化后的培养条件下,粗酶液酶活达到146.45 U/mL,较优化前提高了39.4%。     

Optimization of Minimal Salt Medium for Efficient Phenanthrene Biodegradation by Mycoplana sp. MVMB2 Isolated from Petroleum Contaminated Soil Using Factorial Design Experiments

This study presents the degradation of phenanthrene by Mycoplana sp. MVMB2 isolated from petroleum contaminated soil and the media optimization by factorial design experiments. The Plackett–Burman design was used to evaluate the effects of eight variables (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, glucose, inoculum concentration, and phenanthrene concentration) on phenanthrene degradation. Based on the results, the critical medium components having significant influence on the degradation were found to be disodium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and phenanthrene. Furthermore, these four variables were used as central composite design parameters. The optimum minimal salt medium composition obtained by conventional and factorial design experiments for the degradation of phenanthrene by Mycoplana sp. MVMB2 at pH 6.5 and 30°C were found to be, potassium 2.5 g/L dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3505 g/L disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5501 g/L magnesium sulfate, 0.02 g/L calcium chloride, 0.0261 g/L ferrous sulfate, 0.6756 g/L phenanthrene, 0.5 g/L glucose, 0.5 g/L ammonium sulfate, and inoculum 5% v/v. The phenanthrene degradation was confirmed by analyzing the metabolites formed.