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气候与环境预测和调控中的数学问题 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
数学无所不在,现代科学与数学的发展是相互促进的,未能用严谨的数学方式表达的科学问题难于说是属于现代科学范畴的,现代的数学方法与现代提出的科学问题密切地结合是解决问题的关键.作者论述了现代的气候与环境预测和调控中的一些重要的数学问题,其中第一个问题即预测问题,也包括数值天气预测等在内.在这方面论述的问题有预测问题提法的适定性;非线性系统的分叉、混沌、突变等和可预测时效的关系;不完整的观测资料四维同化问题;不同分辨率模式的嵌套问题;和数值求解的算法问题.第二个问题是自然环境的调控或即自然控制论,举例分析了人工影响天气、改良局部气候、泥沙冲淤调控和最优航道工程、以及生态建设规划等问题.
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Semantic Web and Web services have been two prominent themes in the computer science and IT mainstream for more than a decade. While both of these themes have been evolving, some geographers and GIScientists have been trying to introduce and adopt such new technologies into GIScience research and development. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and the main constraints of semantic Web and Web services technologies and their applications in GIScience. Unless some fundamental problems within both semantic Web and Web services can be resolved, such technologies will be difficult to match the needs in the GIScience community. Besides logics, more sciences and theories have to be introduced into this research front in order to break through the long-term bottleneck in semantic Web and service computation in general. 相似文献
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我国人工增雨研究有很好的成果,有大规模作业的丰富经验,近年来又有很大进步。"人工增雨研究专辑"选登其中一些具有普遍意义的成果和经验,以及未来近期内可以再进一步提高的一些思考和建议。作者试图先对这些经验和问题进行归纳概述和分析讨论。大体上说,这些成功的研究成果和作业经验有:选择有利于增雨的历史天气—气候背景条件、临近作业时对作业云的判断、机理的数值模拟、凝结核和雨滴及它们的谱分布规律和新催化剂的研制等。未来近期内应该做、而且可以有结果的使作业进一步科学化的工作,除结合经验介绍而指出的一些外,关键是:1)尽量做到观测—预报—作业—效果检验一体化;直接面对增雨作业效果本身进行检验,这样才能使作业和效果检验科学化。为此应用控制论的观点和方法(尤其是工程控制论和自然控制论)是可行的。2)要开展暖性对流云催化作业的研究。3)一定要对已有的工作经验进行系统总结,并一定要将研究工作和作业实践密切结合起来。4)一定要气象和水利部门协调起来,才能充分有效地解决四度空间的水资源利用问题。此外,还涉及其他一些人工影响天气的问题,如防雹、消雾等。 相似文献
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水稻群体动态预测与栽培决策 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文以作物计算机模拟技术为基础,根据天气,土壤,苗情,模拟预测水稻群体的发育群、茎蘖消长、叶面积动态、光合生产与产量形成。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1983,35(2):230-260
Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford . 相似文献