基于生物信息学探讨骨质疏松症与2型糖尿病的关系

目的：基于生物信息学探讨骨质疏松症与 2 型糖尿病的关系。方法：通过基因表达汇编（GEO）数据库检索骨质疏松症和2型糖尿病的相关数据集,并筛选骨质疏松症-2型糖尿病共同差异表达基因,将数据导入STRING数据库找寻关键基因,以一个单细胞测序数据集作为检验集验证关键基因细胞层面的表达水平,对筛选结果进行基因本体（GO）功能及京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析,并对关键靶点、相关中药进行频数统计及功效分类。结果：骨质疏松症与 2 型糖尿病相关通路集中在 ErbB信号通路、丝活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路、神经营养素信号通路、NOD样受体信号通路。频数统计结果显示,与骨质疏松症-2型糖尿病关键基因相关的中药有51味,以功效分类,可分为清热解毒药、止痛药、祛风药、补虚药、止呕药。结论：骨质疏松症和2型糖尿病都是复杂的代谢性疾病,涉及众多基因表达网络和信号通路。尽管两种疾病存在复杂的基因网络背景,但是分析结果表明两种疾病之间仍存在高度重合的差异基因表达和信号通路。这表明两种疾病的分子机制密切相关,可能存在共同调控的靶点,因此这些靶点可能成为药物同时干预两种疾病的治疗靶点。     

A note on the seafloor coupling characteristics of the new ONR ocean-bottom seismometer

A series of transient tests were conducted to determine the seafloor coupling characteristics of a new ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) developed for the United States Office of Naval Research (ONR). The OBS comprises a large recording package and a separate sensor package that is deployed from the recording package. In addition to the coupling characteristics of both the sensor and the recording packages, the seismic energy radiated from the main recording package as a result of motion of the recording package was measured. The observed vertical coupling resonances of both the recording package and the sensor package are in good agreement with those predicted by a simple model of soil-structure interaction. The most important result of this study is that significant energy is radiated from the recording package in response to horizontal motions of the recording package. When the sensor package is 1 m from the recording package, the amplitude of the recorded signal is similar to that recorded in the recording package. In the field, this effect will result in distortion of seismic signals and increased background noise recorded by the sensor package if the recording package is disturbed by seafloor currents or biological activity. The amplitude of this signal attenuates by approximately a factor of two as sensor/recorder separation is increased from 1 to 6 m, suggesting that an improved response can be achieved by increasing the separation between the recording package and the sensors. This effect is much less severe for vertical disturbances of the recording package.     

Association between multi-level inorganic arsenic exposure from drinking water and skin lesions in Inner Mongolia, China

Arsenic is one of the most important single-substance toxicants in the environment. In Inner Mongolia of China, 300000 residents are believed to drink water containing 〉50 μg/L. Skin lesions have been known as the most common consequences resulting from chronic exposure to arsenic. To clarify the prevalence of arsenic-induced skin lesions, it is important to assess the impact of this problem on the target population, and to make future planning. We evaluated the association between multi-level inorganic arsenic exposure from drinking water and skin lesions in an arsenic-affected area in Inner Mongolia, China. 109 and 32 subjects fi＇om high-level arsenic-affected （〉5 μg/L） village and low-level （≤50 μg/L） village were recruited and had detailed physical examination with special emphasis on arsenic-related skin lesions. Arsenic exposure was measured for each participant with As concentration of primary well and the duration of using the well was recorded. Arsenic-induced skin lesions including keratosis, pigmentation, and/or leucomelanosis were diagnosed in 56 and 3 subjects in the two villages, respectively. Logistic regression was conducted to calculate prevalence-odd ratios of skin lesions by levels of arsenic exposure with adjustment of sex, age group, smoking and duration of exposure. A consistent dose-response relationship between arsenic exposure level and skin lesion risk was observed.     

地缘经济关系测度与分析的理论方法探讨--以云南省为例

文章首先简要分析了地缘经济学的发展进程和研究内容，提出以保护国家利益增强综合国力为主要研究目的的地缘经济理论在一定程度上可以指导不同级别区域经济合作策略的制定。然后在探究了地缘经济关系涵义的前提下，设计了地缘经济关系的测度体系，并用该方法对云南省地缘经济关系进行了数量测度和类型判别，进而对该省地缘经济关系进行了分析和评价，对经济发展提出了建议。     

Present land use and cover patterns and their development potential in North Ningxia

With the objectives to acquire the fundamental data of the territorial resource, understand the impacts of human activities on the land use and cover patterns and evaluate the potential of the future exploitation, an intensive land cover classification with an accuracy of 93% has been completed for North Ningxia by remote sensing technique based on the adoption of a combination method composed of texture training, maximum likelihood classification and post-processing such as re-allocation and aggregation. This classification result was incorporated with the contemporaneous socio-economic and meteorological data for cross-sectional regression modelling to reveal the spatial determinants of the land cover patterns and understand the human-environmental relationships. A tentative evaluation on the potential of soil exploitation in the near future was carried out in combination with our land use and cover change detection results aiming at supplying some useful references for the central and local governments in their sustainable land use planning.