BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing. Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing . JOHN R. G. TOWNSHEND , ed. Environmental Data Use in Computer-assisted Data Handling Systems: The Results of a Survey of Applications in the Pacific Northwest States . KENNETH E. GORDON . Applied Land Use: A Spatial Approach . JOHN F. LOUNSBURY , LAWRENCE M. SOMMERS , AND EDWARD A. FERNALD , eds. The Second Battle of New Orleans: A History of the Vieux Carre Riverfront-Expressway Controversy . RICHARD O. BAUMBACH , JR. AND WILLIAM E. BORAH . Cultural Environmental Archaeology . MYRA SHACKLEY . The Immoral landscape: Female Prostitution in Western Societies . RICHARD SYMANSKI . life Among the Poor in Cairo . UNNI WIKAN , translated by Ann Henning. Women, Work and Property in Northwest India . URSULA SHARMA . The Domestication of Women: Discrimination in Developing Societies . BARBARA ROGERS Economic Optimization in Locational and Transport Analysis . A. G. WILSON , J. D. COELHO , S. M. MACGILL , H. C. W. L. WILLIAMS . New Tools for Economic Development: The Enterprise Zone, Development Bank, and RFC . GEORGE STERNLIEB AND DAVID LISTOKIN , eds. Regional Wage Inflation . R. L. MARTIN , ed. Finding A Place For Energy-Siting Coal Conversion Facilities . FRANK J. CALZONETTI WITH MARK S. ECKERT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Environmentalism. Second Edition . T. O'RIORDAN . Countryside Conservation . BRYN GREEN . Medical Spatial Diffusion: An Historical Geography of Epidemics in an Island Community . A. D. CLIFF , P. HAGGETT , J. K. ORD , AND G. R. VERSEY . Philosophy and Geographic Thought Order and Skepticism: Human Geography and the Dialectic of Science . RICHARD SZYMANSKI AND JOHN A. AGNEW . Measurement of Subjective Phenomena . D. F. JOHNSTON , ed. Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographic Perspective . ROBERT DAVID SACK . The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-five Years: 1904-1979 . PRESTON E. JAMES AND GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman . GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . Physical River Basin Planning: Theory and Practice . SURANJIT K. SAHA AND CHRISTOPHER J. BARROW , eds. Soils and landforms: An Integration of Ceomorphology and Pedology . A. I. GERRARD Climatic Change and Society. Consequences of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide . WILLIAM W. KELLOGG AND ROBERT SCHWARE . Political Political Redistrictings and Geographic Theory . RICHARD L. MORRILL . Population Studies in Spanish American Population History: Dell Plain Latin American Studies NO. 8 . DAVID J. ROBINSON , ed. Population Redistribution in the Midwest . CURTIS C. ROSEMAN , ANDREW J. SOFRANKO , AND JAMES D. WILLIAMS , eds. Geographical Perspectives on the Elderly . A. M. WARNES , ed. Regional Perspective On the American South . MERLE BLACK AND JOHN SHELTON REED , eds. The Prairies and Plains: Prospects for the 80s . JOHN R. ROGGE , ed. Rural Rural Settlement in an Urban World . MICHAEL BUNCE . Social Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions . DAVID L. SILLS , C. P. WOLF , AND VIVIEN B. SHELANSKI , eds. The American Small Town: Twentieth-Century Place Images . JOHN JAKLE . Urban A House of My Own . SUSAN LOBO . The City: Patterns and Processes in the Urban Ecosystem . CHRISTOPHER H. EXLINE , GARY L. PETERS , AND ROBERT P. LARKIN . Movement in Cities . P. W. DANIELS AND A. M. WARNES . Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society . MICHAEL DEAR AND ALLEN J. SCOT , eds.     

吉林汪清和龙岗新生代岩石圈地幔的含水性和元素地球化学特征

首次报道了来自东北地区岩石圈地幔水含量的数据。通过对吉林龙岗和汪清新生代玄武岩中的橄榄岩包体矿物进行电子探针(EMP)和激光熔蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)的分析,得到了矿物的主量元素和微量元素的数据,结果显示这些橄榄岩是原始地幔经历了不同程度部分熔融的残余,大部分样品的熔融程度可能<10%。橄榄岩样品在后期还经历了地幔交代作用,大部分样品受到硅酸岩熔体的交代,少部分样品受到碳酸岩熔体的交代。显微傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)的分析结果显示,橄榄岩样品中的单斜辉石、斜方辉石均含有以结构羟基形式存在的水,而橄榄石中没有明显的羟基吸收峰。龙岗样品中单斜辉石的水含量为(48~464)×10^-6(H₂O, 质量分数),斜方辉石水含量为(28~104)×10^-6;汪清样品中单斜辉石的水含量为(34~403)×10^-6,斜方辉石的水含量为(13~89)×10^-6;所有样品全岩水含量为(8~92)×10^-6。样品的水含量可以代表龙岗和汪清地区岩石圈地幔的水含量信息,并且水含量变化范围较大,造成这种变化的原因可能是由于地幔源区初始水含量的不均一,以及部分熔融和地幔交代作用叠加的结果。     

缅甸硬玉岩中硬玉矿物的结构水表征

本文介绍了名义上无水的辉石族矿物中结构水的研究现状,特别是硬玉矿物的结构水红外表征和含量。且笔者以缅甸硬玉岩为研究对象,使用显微红外光谱、电子探针等测试手段,从微观角度研究其中硬玉矿物的结构水表征。研究结果表明:缅甸硬玉岩中硬玉矿物的结构水在红外光谱中主要表征为3 610~3 620 cm-1和3 540~3 550cm-1两个区域的吸收峰,且结构疏松的硬玉岩中硬玉矿物的结构水含量呈现外侧多中间少,结构致密的硬玉矿物的结构水含量各部位较为均一。结构水的含量差异和变化趋势可能是硬玉岩形成时板块俯冲和折返过程中的流体参与作用的结果,进一步为缅甸硬玉岩成因提供了的佐证。     

THE MOST PERFECT EXAMPLE OF AN ALIEN ECOLOGY EVER CONSTRUCTED

Much science-fiction literature is based upon the creation and exploration of alternative environments. Stanley G. Weinbaum's short story, “Parasite Planet,”introduces an unusual environment that may be wrong in the light of recent evidence on Venus but still stimulates the geographical imagination.     

柴达木盆地西部北区E13碎屑岩的成岩作用及其热力学分析

柴达木盆地西部北区E13地层普遍发育了很好的碎屑岩，储层物性与成岩作用密切相关。为了认清柴西北区E13有利储层的分布规律，在岩心观察、显微分析和各种分析化验的基础上，划分了本区成岩作用序列，并通过热力学分析进一步研究了成岩作用的控制因素。研究发现，本区主要存在四次较大规模的成岩作用，第一次是白云石胶结及交代作用，第二次是方解石的胶结与交代作用，第三次是胶结物的溶解，第四次是晚期硬石膏的胶结及交代作用，而油气充注发生在溶解作用之后硬石膏胶结作用之前。另外，压实和压溶作用贯穿整个成岩作用过程。各种成岩作用都是在一定的热力学体系下进行的，通过细致的热力学推导，绘制出包含方解石、白云石和硬石膏等矿物相在内的五组分相图，从而得到了成岩环境的地球化学特征。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne .     

Legitimacy of Different Knowledge Types in Natural Resource Governance and Their Functions in Inter-Institutional Gaps

Abstract

This study expands the Inter-Institutional Gaps (IIGs) framework to conceptualize the legitimacy associated with different types of ecological knowledge (e.g., scientific, traditional and local) used in natural resource governance. We draw on primary qualitative data, and document analysis to examine a case of inland fisheries management in the north-eastern floodplain of Bangladesh. We posit that the pragmatic, moral, cognitive, and regulative legitimacy for different types of ecological knowledge are repeatedly reevaluated by rule-makers and resource users in the process of rule-devising. Results show that inter-institutional gaps may be perpetuated when formal rules do not sufficiently consider traditional and local ecological knowledge. While it is widely proposed that systematically incorporating different knowledge types can better address local-national policy problems, this study underscores that the source of legitimacies for different knowledge types often differs across formal and informal institutional actors. Recognizing the differences is critical to fishers’ resource management.     

镁铝榴石中的结构水的研究

通过对34个取自金伯利岩管中的粗晶镁铝榴石及碱性玄武岩中镁铝榴石巨晶样品的红外光谱分析发现,金伯利岩中部分镁铝榴石粗晶含有结构水,但不同颗粒之间含量差异很大,含量较高者约0.07wt%,而所研究的碱性玄武岩中的镁铝榴石不含结构水。分析发现,结构水在同一样品内分布基本均匀。在红外光谱3800—3500cm~(-1)波长范围内,分别记录到三峰谱和单峰谱两种类型,其中位于3570cm~(-1)±的吸收峰峰位明显受镁铝榴石结构中八配位阳离子(Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+))影响,而六配位阳离子(Cr~(3+)、Al~(3+))的影响不明显。结构水在镁铝榴石晶格中的存在形式是多样的。     

镁铝榴石的形成温度及其结构水成因探讨

在红外光谱有关镁铝榴石中微量结构水的研究基础上,运用质子探针分析方法系统研究了辽宁50号金伯利岩管中粗晶镁铝榴石Ni、Zn、Ga、Sr、Y、Zr、Pb等微量元素的含量。根据镁铝榴石中微量元素Ni含量地质温度计,计算该岩管中镁铝榴石粗晶的形成温度,对比研究了不同含矿性的金伯利岩中粗晶镁铝榴石形成温度范围的异同,并探讨了该方法运用于金刚石找矿勘查的可能性;讨论了含结构水镁铝榴石的形成温度范围及其意义,并结合其它微量元素分析资料,探讨了镁铝榴石中微量结构水与地幔交代作用之间的成因联系。