基于数据融合与地图合并技术的行政区划图更新与数字重建

行政区划图是地学研究中最为常用的空间数据.针对吉林省近年来行政区划多有变更的实际情况.吸纳地图合并技术和多源数据融合思想,利用ETM遥感数据.地形图、行政区划图等地图数据.矢量行政区划图数据,国家行政区划代码等国家标准,以及地方志等文本数据等多类型数据为数据源.更新吉林省2004年县级行政区划图矢量数据,数字重建乡镇行政区划图,所得数据精度较高.本研究旨在为相关研究提供行政区划空间数据.拓展地图合并技术和多源数据融合思想的应用领域.     

Automatic Road Change Detection and GIS Updating from High Spatial Remotely-Sensed Imagery

This paper presents a tramework for road network change detectlon In order to upctate the Canadian National Topographic DataBase (NTDB). The methodology has been developed on the basis of road extraction from IRS-pan images (with a 5.8 m spatial resolution) by using a wavelet approach. The feature matching and conflation techniques are used to road change detection and updating. Elementary experiments have showed that the proposed framework could be used for developing an operational road database updating system.     

数字地图合并的平差原理与方法

提出了一种基于最小二乘平差的数字地图合并方法，采用平差原理以求得实体调整合并后的空间位置。实验表明，与其他方法相比，该方法具有较高的精度，且较好地保持了原有实体的特征。     

基于概率的地图实体匹配方法

数字地图合并是通过同名实体匹配和合并变换技术,调整相关地物实体的几何、属性等差异,实现同一地区不同来源地图数据的集成和融合。其中同名实体匹配是极为重要的第一步,也是一个存在大量不确定性的过程,匹配阈值的选取、实体非一对一的匹配关系是匹配中的关键难题,匹配效果不佳或出现错误匹配直接影响着后续合并结果的正确性。本文提出一种基于概率理论的匹配模型,该模型融合多种匹配指标,通过计算实体匹配概率大小来确定匹配实体。该方法避免了匹配指标精确阈值的选取,并且能够有效地解决匹配中非一对一的情况。     

核密度估计的道路匹配方法探讨

针对目前地图合并技术的同名实体匹配中线实体(以道路为例)研究的不足,文章基于密度插值和DEM分析,提出一种针对线实体进行全局匹配的方法:采用积分的思想将核密度估计方法扩展应用于线实体密度计算,通过提取其密度谷脊线,将其应用于地图合并技术领域中的线实体匹配研究主题,指导相似度指标阈值的选取,并取得了较好的效果,为实现同一地区不同来源或不同比例尺(主要是相近比例尺)地图数据合并及数据库集成提供了参考。     

论地图数据库合并技术

本文探讨了地图数据库合并技术的研究范畴、研究内容、一般数据处理流程以及与其他已有技术的关 系等一些基本问题,并给出了一个简单应用实例。这些问题的研究丰富和完善了地图数据库合并技术的基本理论 体系,对建立地图数据库合并的主要技术框架有着重要的意义。     

Data structures for three-dimensional spatial information systems in geology

Abstract

The accumulation of geological information in digital form, due to modern exploration methods, has introduced the possibility of applying geographical information system technology to the field of geology. To achieve the benefits in information management and in data analysis and interpretation, however, it will be necessary to develop spatial models and associated data structures which are specifically designed for working in three dimensions. Some progress in this direction has already been demonstrated, with the application of octree spatial subdivision techniques to the storage of uniform volume elements representing mineral properties. By imposing octree tessellations on more precisely-defined geometric data, such as triangulated surfaces and polygon line segments, it may now be possible to combine efficient spatial addressing with topologically-coded boundary representations of geological strata. The development of storage schemes capable of representing such geological boundary models at different scales poses a particular problem, a possible solution to which may be by means of hierarchical classification of the vertices of triangulated surfaces according to shape contribution.     

Point- and curve-based geometric conflation

Geometric conflation is the process undertaken to modify the coordinates of features in dataset A in order to match corresponding ones in dataset B. The overwhelming majority of the literature considers the use of points as features to define the transformation. In this article we present a procedure to consider one-dimensional curves also, which are commonly available as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tracks, routes, coastlines, and so on, in order to define the estimate of the displacements to be applied to each object in A. The procedure involves three steps, including the partial matching of corresponding curves, the computation of some analytical expression, and the addition of a correction term in order to satisfy basic cartographic rules. A numerical example is presented.     

面向大数据时代的数据融合系统之空间数据挖掘、分析和改进

多重空间数据因其可用性及几何和主题方面的质量差异,催生了针对数据挖掘方法研究的新系统开发,其中包括了异构空间数据结构分析与改进的处理进程。本文介绍了空间数据融合系统（ DAFU）的概念、架构与功能性方面的内容,DAFU能够有效使用异构空间数据信息并可进行地理数据的个体使用。