江苏沿海地区海洋渔业发展差异与对策

江苏是海洋大省,但并非海洋强省,2005年海洋渔业在全国处于第6位,为浙江和山东的1/3和1/5。江苏具有发展海洋渔业的有利条件,丰富的水产资源和滩涂资源适合发展海洋渔业,发达的地区经济为渔业发展提供了技术支撑。从省内区域差异来看,渔业过分集中于如东、启东等少数县市,多数县市产业优势未能充分发挥。应该大力发展海水增养业、加强养殖区域生态环境保护,积极发展相关海洋产业。     

安徽省旅游星级饭店地域差异研究

根据2000～2005年安徽省星级饭店统计资料,利用变异系数这一度量标准分析了安徽省饭店在时间序列上和星级结构上的地域差异,结果表明:随着时间的变化饭店总数在各市间的差异在渐渐缩小.星级结构上五星级饭店地域分异程度最大,其次依次为一星级、四星级、三星级和二星级,通过安徽省各市国内旅游收入区位商和餐饮住宿业就业人员区位商与各市星级饭店数量相对水平的比较,找出不符合一般趋势的城市加以讨论.最后,运用SPSS分析软件对安徽省17个地市的星级饭店发展水平进行聚类分析,并讨论了运行结果所分出的4类城市,提出了饭店业发展的若干建议.     

A geographic perspective on intra-urban racial/ethnic diversity, segregation, and clustering in Knoxville, Tennessee: 1990-2000

Racial/ethnic diversity in the United States has increased significantly in recent decades, with minority groups now accounting for almost one-third of the total population. At the same time, growing diversity has spread into rural and non-metropolitan areas. Research suggests that changing diversity in the ‘New South’ has seen growth of non-Black communities. The question, however, is the degree to which increasing diversity equates with increasing intermixing or, alternatively, whether racial/ethnic clusters retain their prominence. This paper examines the geographic manifestations of growing racial/ethnic diversity within intra-urban context, using census-tracts as scale of analysis in the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) of Knoxville in Tennessee. The statistics used for analyzing intra-urban variations include Diversity Score, Theil Entropy Index, and Location Quotient. Tract and Block-group data for White, Black, American Indian, Asian, All Others and Hispanic are used for computing these indices. This paper concludes that diversity has increased during 1990-2000, and has dispersed into suburban counties. However, segregation and clustering for certain minority groups has also increased, in particular African-Americans still remain the most segregated and most clustered community confined to specific geographic locations. This research holds significance as local economic development patterns are very much guided by the geographic variability of human and social capital. Applied research can suggest avenues for growth and can help rebuild local communities. This paper will also contribute to literature focusing on methodological challenges in measuring diversity and its geographic manifestations.     

Geographic Dimensions of Relocation Activity: A Comparative Analysis of Intrametropolitan and Out-of-State Relocation Activity

Over the years, research on relocation activity has provided insights about the characteristics of firms and regions that drive relocation. The spatial dimensions of these relocation decisions, however, particularly within states or metropolitan areas, remain an understudied aspect of the relocation literature. There is also little work comparing the destinations of relocations originating from within metropolitan areas compared to relocation activity from other states. Given the theoretical and practical importance of higher resolution, comparative research on relocation activity within metropolitan areas, this article uses both areal and point-based spatial statistics to test hypotheses about similarities and differences in the relocation behavior of locally oriented and out-of-state businesses within the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area. Analytical results highlight distinct differences in the destinations of relocation activity originating from within the metropolitan area compared to out-of-state relocation activity. Intrametropolitan relocations tend to locate in less expensive and racially and ethnically diverse neighborhoods, whereas out-of-state relocations locate in wealthier, well-known locations of the metropolitan area. Out-of-state relocations are also less likely to locate in the downtown core. This suggests that expensive smokestack-chasing efforts directed at attracting businesses from out of state are unlikely to help revitalize the downtown core.     

地理本性进化与全球地缘政治经济基础探析

从克鲁格曼的地理本性论出发认识全球地缘政治经济基础。本文通过收集2000-2012年的世界主要21个国家（地区）的金融业和制造业增加值,运用区位商模型分析世界主要国家（地区）的金融业与制造业发展集中度,同时对各国资源输出情况进行对比,最后进行聚类分析。结果发现：全球一体化使世界典型国家（地区）类型趋于明显,呈现新的“三个世界”特征：美国、英国、瑞士、新加坡以及中国香港属金融业主导国家（地区）;泰国、中国大陆、韩国、德国、日本、越南和中国台湾属制造业主导国家（地区）;加拿大、俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、澳大利亚和墨西哥属资源开发业主导国家;印度和法国目前在多领域均得到发展,属过渡型国家。这种地理本性决定的经济分工分类,是各国的地缘政治经济学基础,将影响他们的地缘政治经济学立场。     

基于区位熵理论的皖江城市带产业结构分析

利用区位熵评价方法,对皖江城市带各个城市产业中不同细分产业的发展强度予以探讨,并将带内各城市及城市带整体与全国城市产业结构进行比较,分析其主要优势产业和劣势产业,挖掘城市带产业结构的更多有效信息。得出相关结论:皖江城市带中的城市在综合发展、工业制造、地区服务等方面已经形成一定的地域分工,但比较优势并不突出;各个城市及其城市带整体的三次产业结构与全国城市的整体产业结构大体相似。     

大城市地域空间结构划分研究——以广州市为例

采用定性与定量相结合的"三步法"进行广州市城市地域空间结构的划分:第一步采用区位商法,以区(市)级行政区为基本单位,选择能够反映城市地域特征的6个指标,进行地域结构的大致划分;第二步以镇(街)主要经济社会指标为依据,进行边缘区进一步细分;第三步参照城市意象分析方法,根据主要景观轴的景观梯度变化验证城市地域结构划分效果.划分结果比较符合广州市的地域空间格局,有助于广州市城市地域空间管理,也为国内其它城市地域结构划分提供新的思维与方法.     

江西省空间运输联系演化特征

利用1990年以来江西省交通运输及相关统计数据,在分析和评价全省各地市客、货运量状况的基础上,运用地域非均衡系数、区域位势商指标,对江西省客、货流运输联系的空间演化特征及趋势进行了探讨。研究表明,全省在交通运输业快速发展的同时,客、货运输在空间分布上已由低水平的集中趋向均衡发展,客运的廊道效应初显,在京九铁路、浙赣铁路、昌九高速、赣粤高速沿线地区客流较为集中;货运重心南移,极化效应减弱,随着全省各地市的资源优势开始转为经济优势,货运地位出现有序演变。结合江西省经济发展所处阶段,对其运输化发展阶段进行了初步的分析和讨论。     

基于要素叠加的旅游景区经济影响域空间分异——以八达岭长城景区为例

本文在旅游景区的层次上,以旅游经济影响的空间范围——旅游经济影响域为视角进行研究和空间尺度推绎,探索在空间尺度上评估旅游景区对周边地区经济影响的程度和范围的定量分析方法,提出了旅游景区经济影响域的概念和关键指标界定,并分析了典型案例北京郊区经济辐射特点显著的景区——八达岭长城旅游区的辐射影响范围。在对八达岭周边的岔道、石佛寺等案例区域实施现场调研的基础上,获取了旅游就业、旅游收入和居民感知要素的旅游经济指标的实测值。然后运用旅游区位商模型、聚类分析等方法对样本数据进行总体趋势分析,从而分别测算出基于就业、收入和感知的八达岭景区旅游经济影响域的空间结构,最终通过要素叠加法刻画出旅游经济影响域的空间结构。     

中国西北某煤化工区土壤中砷的人体健康风险及其安全阈值

本研究对中国西北某大型煤化工区的土壤样品进行采集。通过密闭消解后应用ICP CCT MS法对土壤样品中砷（As）含量进行测定,选取吸入土壤颗粒、皮肤接触、经口摄入3种主要的暴露途径,对煤化工区3个不同煤气化单元土壤中As的人体健康风险进行评价。结果表明,煤化工区土壤中As的单物质综合致癌风险为可接受水平的6~9倍,As的危害商则在可接受水平范围之内。煤化工区土壤中As的人体健康风险以经口摄入为主体暴露途径,该途径下致癌风险的贡献率占全部致癌风险的68.64%。在对各暴露途径致癌风险控制值计算的基础上选择致癌风险贡献率最高、控制值最低的经口摄入途径的控制值1.59 mg/kg作为该煤化工区土壤中As的参考安全阈值。结合中国煤化工行业发展特点、区域土壤中As的背景值水平、地区气候和地质特点等,考虑不同国家和地区As的人体健康风险可接受水平差异和可行性,才能综合确定特定煤化工区域土壤环境中As的安全阈值。